Philosophical logic

classical Aristotelian logic. It means all the truths that can be (a) understood by reason (that is, by human reason alone without faith in divine revelation), (b) discovered by human reason to be true and (c) proved logically, without any premises assumed by faith in divine revelation. There is also reasoning by revelation, which can prove many things like about the soul, "We can also prove by reason alone that the soul does not die as the body dies, by good philosophical arguments" Faith…

dangers of fascism and propaganda. Others worked to prevent something like that from ever happening again. In a collection of lectures, C.S. Lewis one of these intellectuals, attempted to warn us of the dangers of avoiding emotion and lacking philosophical knowledge in future generations. Lewis states that it is these characteristics that allow people to be susceptible to fascist propaganda and emotionless violence, which lead to WWII and could, as Lewis describes, lead to “The Abolition of Man”…

Determinism vs Freedom When discussing anything philosophical it is easy to find problems. These problems are usually one's perspective on the argument or experiment. In this case it is determinism vs freedom is the problem. These views can be one sided depending on the views of the writer. I lean towards the freedom part but I will try to stay as neutral as possible. Determinism is belief that all events even human actions are predetermined. Many philosophers say that this implies that we as…

In “Fallacies of Logic” Irving Shapiro describes the different ways a person, intentionally or unintentionally, can attack their opponent. Fallacies, when used, could be effective tools to confuse and distract opponents. The use of logical fallacies, also known as con, date back to Athens when a school taught students to win arguments using fallacies. The following are the most common fallacies used. Fallacies are easy to agree with and are simple statements with little or irrelevant information…

Middle (LEM). I will do this by first explaining the interpretations of a relevant logic in terms of the ternary relation R, the worlds W, the Routley Star, and content inclusion. I will consider two possible understandings of worlds, one being in the sense used by classical modal logic, and another in terms of information states from authors like Restall. I will explain what the semantics of R in a relevant logic mean with respect to each of these concepts of worlds, and what the Routley Star…

There is a clear distinction between rationalism and empiricism–two theories of epistemology, which focuses on the theory knowledge through a philosophical lens. Rationalism centers around the ability to use knowledge with reasoning and that knowledge comes from innate ideas. Others believe that our senses could actually lead to true knowledge, as opposed to relying on innate ideas and reasoning. Many criticize rationalism and whether innate knowledge exists or is even pertinent. In this paper,…

questions being answered logically rather than leaving them to the unknown. 2) What is Aristotle’s theory of the four becauses? Explain. What is his reasoning? What is he attempting to achieve by means of this account? How is this integral to his philosophical enterprise? Is his account successful? Why or why…

we think about a million dollars, would it be greater to have it in real life or just to imagine about it? Regardless of one’s response, the answer of “both” would contains their response. Therefore having both would be greater. Anselm applies this logic to his argument where God existing only in your mind is not as great as a God that exists in your mind and in reality. If God only existed in your mind, then God would, in fact, not be the greatest thing. There would be some other thing existing…

The book definition of Narrative Paradigm states that it is a hypothetical framework that views a narrative as the base of all human communication. Therefore in this case, the conceptual definition of the narrative paradigm is the notion that human interactions can be viewed as narratives (Magouyrk & Temporal, 2014). This theory of Narrative paradigm was proposed by Walter Fisher, a 20th century philosopher. Fisher was of the mind that life is experienced and understood by human beings as a…

begins to wonder who she really is in a critical way. She wonders if her name and appearance matter in the question of who she really is. She realizes these questions are easy to think about but almost imposable to answer. Sophie begins her path to philosophical thinking. We see that Sophie is taking these questions seriously, she does not want to continue her life throwing these questions aside. We also see that Sophie is willing to go against authority figures that hinder her thirst for…