Philip IV of Spain

In 1656 Diego Velazquez painted Las Meninas for King Philip IV of Spain, at the height of the Baroque artistic period. Baroque was intense and dramatic, used sharp contrast in lighting, vivid color, and was also noted for realism. It reflected the post-Renaissance Catholic Church's intent to bring more people into faith by allowing them to reflect on art and its connection to spirituality. “Las Meninas allows the spectator to freely interact with the painting’s various contradictory points of…

Philip II : Philip II was King of Spain from 1556 and of Portugal from 1581 Absolute Monarch : government in which the monarch has absolute power among his or her people. Divine Right : political and religious doctrine of royal and political legitimacy Edict of Nantes : Stated that Huguenots could live peacefully in France Cardinal Richelieu : Louis XIII's advisor, really ruler of France, wanted France to be powerful, weakened the Protestants, strengthened the middle class, Started the 30…

administration for the kingdom (Steingrad, 2007). France became the super power in the European continent through the peace treaty of Westphalia and that of Pyrenees after the Thirty years of war between Spain and France. Louis XIV, king of France and Marie Therese, daughter of Philip IV of Spain marriage acted as a symbol for both countries peace…

by the grand inquisitor after consultation with the king. The grand inquisitor could also freely appoint, transfer, remove from office, visit, and inspect or call to account all inquisitors and officials of the lower courts. On December 16, 1618, Philip III gave the Dominicans the benefit of having one of their order permanently a member of the Consejo Supremo. All power was concentrated in this supreme tribunal, which…

Treaty of Westphalia was a series of drafted peace treaties that went on in Central Europe between 1644 and 1648. The main purpose of the treaty was to end the Thirty Year War in the Holy Roman Empire and ultimately ended the Eighty Year war between Spain and the Dutch Republic as well. A total of 194 delegations representing a variety of European powers came together to ratify what would be the foundations of the political system in Europe for years to come. Although the conference that led…

different sides of the civil war in Spain, which prolonged the Hundred Years War. It was actually 116 years in length, despite what its name suggests. The cause of the war was both territorial and political. The reason for the length of the war was the English’s initial advantages as well as outside battles. France had four times the resources of the English,…

The Thirty Years’ War, which lasted from 1618-1648, ravaged Europe for three decades aimed at the control of Germany by the Habsburg House that had ruled the Holy Roman Empire since the fifteenth century. This war was sparked by the Protestant Reformation that had begun in 1517. Though the war was destructive on all accounts, it did help shape today’s modern Europe. This essay will evaluate the Thirty Years’ War and how it helped form the modern state of Europe. The Thirty Years’ War was both…

the kingdoms or Aragon and Castile, creating the modern nation of Spain. The two monarchs ruled Spain together and greatly influenced the beginning of the…

The rulers eagerly utilized these ideas. During the Renaissance Era, the “new monarchs” in England, France, and Spain attained control by developing taxing systems, manipulating government councils, and increasing their influence over the church; tactics which were modeled after Machiavelli’s “fox-like” and “lion-like” concepts of an ideal ruler. The monarchs in…

In 1305, Philip IV convinced the body of Cardinals to appoint a French archbishop as the new pope. Clement V, the recently appointed pope, moved from Rome to the city of Avignon in France. The transfer to Avignon exceedingly enfeebled the Church. When reformers eventually attempted to relocate the papacy back to Rome, yet, the outcome was surprisingly severe. In 1378, Pope Gregory XI passed away while paying a visit to Rome. The body of Cardinals then gathered in Rome to select an inheritor. The…