Philip IV of Spain

Portuguese was possessed by the Habsburgs through the political marriages which were traditionally implemented. Since his son, Philip II of Spain, also known as Philip the Prudent, both Spain and Portugal were considered harmonious, the usage of ‘’the Iberian Union’’ was common. However, when Philip IV of Spain began to overtax Portugal, Portuguese felt uncomfortable with the situation. In addition to that, the Portuguese influences were endeavored to prevent the Spanish ‘’cortes’’. In other words, the Portuguese influence on it was effectively reduced. At the same time, most of the Portuguese posts were reserved for the Spanish. On the top of it,…

Kloss asserts that Diego Velázquez was “one of the greatest painters in a European century”. Perhaps the most famous painting by Velazquez is his Maids of Honor, Las Meninas, painted about 1656. It has the distinction of being probably the first painting in which a living King and a painter at work are seen together in a studio” (L36, 20:11). The subject is multifaceted; the painting is entitled Maids of Honor, referring to the princess’ maids who are attending to her, but are not the focus…

I think Velazquez was trying to portray a beautiful young girl and her hardworking maids. In the picture Velazquez was trying to portray royalty at it’s finest. A king who would only settle for the best for his daughter. She is waited on hand and foot by her hardworking maids and caretakers. This painting also shows how Velazquez wanted to emphasize how fragile this young girl was. This painting seemed to scream vulnerability. This girl looks no older than eight years old and looks like she…

comments of killing of Servetus by calvin • Politiques- rulers who urged tolerance, moderation, and compromise • Catholics and Protestants struggle for control of France, Netherlands and England • FRENCH WARS OF RELIGION (1562-1598) PG 392-397 • French protestants= Huguenots- from Besancon Hugues- leader of Geneva’s political revolt against House of Savoy 1520’s • HRE emperor Charles V captured Fancis I of France at Battle of Pavia ion 1525- first wave of protestant persecution en France •…

late 11th century, issues arose between Pope Gregory VII and Emperor Henry IV relating to the inductance of Church officials, especially bishops, and who was to have true Jurisdiction over it. According to Traditions and Encounters, Higher Church officials along with having significant religious authority, also had a high degree of political influence as well (p.395). This is in mind; it connects well to why the Emperor would be interested in having authority over the appointment of such;…

took over the course of such a long period of time it is impossible to see how the two countries compared to each other in many different aspects. To look at each of their militaries at the beginning of the war to see how thing took shape from the start. Another factor for the war was the economies and the population of each of the countries for how they would be able to operate in a long drawn out war. This was a war that had been building up over the years. There has been tension between…

The period from 1296 to the early 1500s was an era that saw significant change in the relationship between temporal and ecclesiastical authority. The driving force in relations between these two entities shifted from assessing the role of canon law to the strength of new ideas and political thought. Historians such as Ullmann place emphasis on the translation of Aristotelean ideas for this change whereas others, like Black and Coleman argue the change was as the result of a natural progression…

The clash between Pope Boniface VIII and King Philip IV of France began in the year 1296 over taxation of the French Clergy. Specifically, King Philip IV implemented taxes over the clergy and all other laymen of the French kingdom with a motive to fuel a war with King Edward I of England. Refuting this, Boniface asserted that no cleric was to pay taxes to a king without proper papal consent. If the clergy went against his commands, Boniface threatened excommunication to all who ignored him.…

within the English Channel, or so some believed. The Anglo-Spanish War was fought from 1585 to 1604, despite war never being officially declared, and is best remembered for the defeat of the Spanish Armada in 1588. The English and Spanish were quite different from each other in terms of their religion, politics, and military structure, which lead to the King Philip II’s plans to overthrow Queen Elizabeth. However, when the invasion fleet arrived in the English Channel, they experienced a…

Philip was a Catholic and the Dutch was protestant and the Dutch resisted not only the new taxation, and the Spanish way of adminaration . A war began and national identity developed in the Netherlands during this war. In 1581, the Union of Utrecht proclaimed independence from Spain but finally in 1648 the Spanish recognized the independence. Despite all the war destructions and hardships, the Dutch started to rise. They were good sailors and traders, setting up trading links everywhere. The…