Party-list proportional representation

the Christian Democrats. Members of the CDU in Luxembourg have significantly outperformed those in Sweden. During the period from 1994 to 2010 in parliamentary elections, the Christian Democrats in Sweden average 7.65% of the vote while that same party in Luxembourg averaged 33.64%. That is a difference of 25.99%, which is a little more than every one in four people. So the question arises, why do the Christian Democrats perform so much better in Luxembourg than Sweden, when across their…

of revolution and made the decision to join the Comintern (the communist international, a Moscow-based organisation, its aims were to co-ordinate and control the activities of national communist parties). Now not committed to a socialist republic and the dictatorship of the proletariat, the socialist party organised numerous strikes, protests and demonstrations in Italy. It attracted massive publicity too, with membership increasing from 50,000 to 200,000 in the years 1913 and 1914. However,…

office to promote a party agenda, or perpetuate “descriptive representation,” the idea that only a woman can represent women. Supporters of quotas view them as necessary to overcome cultural barriers that bar women from political office without waiting decades for gradual change. Regardless, the majority of African countries with high female participation in political office have utilized some form of gender quota, such as constitutional quotas, election law quotas, and political party quotas,…

Political party polarization is a topic of great interest to political scientists. There is a myriad of research on the subject that explores both its generalities and specifics, from explanations of how a party system can become polarized to attempts to quantify levels of polarization in particular nations. In his article “The Quality and the Quantity of Party Systems,” Russell J. Dalton defines the phenomenon as reflecting “the degree of ideological differentiation among political parties in a…

not allowed to vote for independents. Smaller parties’ method of forming alliances has also disadvantages. They have to overcome so many significant mental, emotional, or practical hardships. In addition to art of compromise, democracy is a race and competition of different opinions that reflected by different parties. But obviously compulsion of relying on another party to be elected, creates negative effects on independence of that political party (Alkin…

In the most of world democracies there are many parties’ system which helps the citizen of that country, the unlimited options of voting choices and it is not possible the united states as they have only two party system one ruling party and other the opposition. Limiting the choices is itself is not in tune with democracy. Every system has their pros and cons, similarly this system also. If there will be more options to the voters, then confusions between choices will increase which can lead to…

The electoral and party systems have important implications in the Canadian political system, but their impact runs deeper than simply forming a new parliament every time an election takes place. The relationship the systems share has political and social impacts. Author Alan C. Cairns discusses the functions of the two systems and the effects they have on the electorate in his article “The Electoral System and the Party System in Canada, 1921-1965*.” The electoral system used in Canada is…

outside the party system. While the low demand for female candidates from political parties “has played a role in the persistent underrepresentation of women … the supply of women putting their names forward also factors into the equation (Courtney & Smith 2010). Resources such as campaign schools may guide and encourage women to seek public office,…

system) is the system that is adopted within the Canadian electoral system to choose their representatives in the federal and provincial elections. There are many voices in Canada and other places where the FPTP is used to change it with the Proportional Representation Systems, which the newly elected liberal government intends to change (Simonsen, 2005). The current federal government is not the only one that criticised the FPTP system but also the former prime minister of Canada Stephen…

Through elections and the democratic process, citizens get the chance to grant authority to individuals to represent them and their interests because of this, elections and the electoral process are the cornerstones of democracy. Fair and representative elections encourage the exchange of ideas and opinions and are crucial in establishing a relationship between the government and the citizens they represent. Since elections have and will continue to be the most vital aspect of democracy, the…