Paradigm shift

The concept of incommensurability is presented in Kuhn 's early views as an impediment to the comparability of theories belonging to separate paradigms (Sankey 1993, p. 761). The logic behind this argument rests in the idea that incommensurability forbids translatability and that translatability between paradigms is necessary for comparability (Sankey 1993, p. 765). Logically it must follow that commensurability is necessary for comparability. To state the problem of comparability in Kuhn 's own…

Starting with Thomas More’s famous work Utopia, a wave of writers began publicly questioning the societies they live in and their own human nature. Anthropomorphism quickly became a popular technique of exposing flaws in these areas. Jonathan Swift’s Gulliver’s Travels and Miguel Cervantes’ The Dogs Colloquy each utilize the technique of anthropomorphism to educate their readers on certain morals or values they believe in. Each of these authors anthropomorphize different animals in their…

group uses its own paradigm to argue in that paradigm’ defence. There are different features that distinguishes different disciplinary matrix as each one has its own preferences and set of beliefs. A disciplinary matrix is a set of belief that…

perspective an approach took (Ardila, 2007, p907). As with other forms of development, there is a continuous transformation of knowledge, theories and thinking resulting in paradigm shifts (Branco, 2007, p41). Staats (1981, p241) argues psychology is what Kuhn describes as the preparadigmatic stage; it does not have a single accepted paradigm but instead several competing ones. Others refute this arguing psychology is a multiparadigmatic discipline that needs several competing approaches. The…

deserves punishment. It is estimated that the United States government spends $51 million a year on drug related arrests and imprisonment (Sledge, 2013). A paradigm shift on how society views addiction and treatment is needed to truly help those suffering from this disease. I would like to consider what a society who has had this paradigm shift would look like, and how it would impact the lives of those affected by addiction. Policy and Criminal Justice The government has created a new branch…

Contrary to the general notion of scientific as objective, certain scientists and philosophers postulate that bias is, in fact, essential to scientific progress. In examining these contrarians’ claim, I will evaluate the role of bias, specifically gendered bias, in science. To accomplish this task, I shall first provide three fundamental frameworks: the idea of situated knowledge with respect to gender, the difference between “gender” and “sex” (this difference will add clarity to these terms as…

In The Secularization Paradigm, Steve Bruce explains secularism in the West and how multiple factors lead to the coming of secularization. Bruce defines secularism as the depletion of the role of religion in society, rather than the classical view of the separation of church and state. In addition, Bruce focuses on secularism as a process, slowly developing over time, due to multiple extraneous and intrinsic factors. Furthermore, he builds a physical paradigm detailing the reasons behind…

A change in the paradigm might ascend in moments of grief and profound disarray. The end of the Cold War marked the end of the bipolar world, the expansion of the rapid mode of capitalist production and the permeating of globalization. However the most profound day in history that prompted the greatest shift in the international system was September 11th, 2001. The September 11th terrorist incursion on the World Trade Center in Lower Manhattan, New York City resonated a large kink in an already…

The purpose of Leininger’s theory was to obtain knowledge and understanding of various cultures, comparing their similarities and differences, and appropriately integrating these factors into nursing care (Leininger, McFarland, 2006). The goal of culturally competent care and cultural congruence in practice is to aid in the maintenance or restoration of health and wellbeing, as well as other stages of life such as death and dying (Leininger, 2007). It is through the Culture Care theory that…

I have never considered myself to be someone who has the potential to be an educator, although I’ve always held high opinions of my teachers and instructors. Witnessing their different styles and attitudes I knew I couldn’t live up to the dedication that they all have for their craft. As we have examined the four pillars of educational traditions, I’ve asked myself when I may have experienced that set of values during my own education. I have attempted to put myself in the shoes of the educators…