Northumbria

whether they could claim to be kings of all England. The only King I feel comfortable in supporting of that claim is King Edgar, who enjoyed unwavering authority on a greater extent compared to the others. When considering the claim to legitimacy and who issued them, Edgar’s coronation in 973 is a symbolic event as he was the first Saxon king to be crowned as ‘the king of all English’ rather than label themselves that without ceremony. This already makes Edgar’s claim more valid, as it shows this title was recognized by the clergy that crowned him, and the people under his rule (which included Northumbria and Mercia.) Furthermore, this event hold much symbolism and shows the attitudes towards Edgar, and therefore his authority. In the ‘Chronicon ex chronicis’ it accounts that after eight kings swore fealty to Edgar at Chester, including the king of Scotland and the king of Northumbria, they then rowed him along the river Dee as a show of Edgar’s superiority. Most notably, it is mentioned that Edgar simply steered the boat whilst the rest did his bidding and plied the oars which highlights how unique Edgar is compared to other kings, and is a sign of complete submission. It is especially telling that stories of such symbolism do not surround Edward despite his supposed submission of the Scottish, Strathclyde and York kings or Aethelstan despite similar claims to that of Edward at the beginning of his reign. This allegory represents how Edgar may have been perceived in…

living based on the type of sources they left to us. Many of these sources are difficult to understand because were written in different languages. Also, some of the evidence come from people that states they had a close relationship with them. In other words, these evidences are not totally reliable, which means is necessary to examine them carefully to get concrete answers. As time passed, thanks to the archaeologists discoveries was possible to know the development in the Vikings society.…

The Ruthwell cross is a stone, Anglo-Saxon monument which breaks down and disrupts several different societal and culturally defined binaries and is an example of how one object can exist as multiple things/ideas at once. This essay will focus on the disruption of the narrative of past and present, human and non-human, male and female, and wood and stone. Many different aspects and elements of the cross come into play when doing a diffractive reading of the Ruthwell cross. The cross was created…

One of the fascinating times in European history occurs during the age of the Vikings, which were between the 8th century and the 10th century. There are several different articles that possess different ideas on how the Vikings acted. For example, one article that views the Vikings as harsh and horrific human beings is titled Lindisfarne, which talks about how the Vikings raided a town in current-day England (Lindisfarne). Another example includes a NOVA interview with William Fitzhugh, an…

The Battle of York- The Great Heathen Army Isabella Romano On the 21st of March 865, a group of Scandinavian warriors known as the Great Heathen Army, attacked England, in the city of York, back then known as Northumbria. Their invasion of Northumbria had the intention of many aspects, such as, their strong feelings of revenge, ambition, and temptation of England’s riches, as well as to conquer settlements for new lands. However, according to numerous articles, the Great Heathen Army was on a…

settlers had a strong war-chief(cyning or king in another word ), and the king had a small army and ruled kingdom. The ruler in Britain was bretwalda who is the strongest king during this period. Especially, Northumbria, Mercia, Wessex, Kent and East Anglia were five important kingdoms around 600. As the feature of Anglo-Saxon, the classes are not equal. The king was the top of the society and everyone follow it, and the most strong Anglo-Saxons were thanes after the king.There were difference…

One month later, his son, Duncan MacCrinan, was elected king. For six years, Duncan ruled Scotland with a thirst for power countermanded by his lack of prowess on the battlefield. In 1038, Ealdred (the earl of Northumbria) attacked southern Scotland, but the effort was repelled and Duncan's chiefs encouraged him to lead a counterattack. Duncan also wanted to invade the Orkneys Islands to the north. Over the objections of all of his advisers, he chose to do both. His armies were routed after…

Introduction In the new academic year of September 2015, Northumbria University will be accepting a group of new national and international students pursuing a top-up degree course. The purpose of this report is to inform them on the importance of learning agility, why they should adopt it and how it can be used to a student’s advantage. Definitions of Learning Agility Oxford dictionary defines ‘learning’ as “Knowledge acquired through study, experience, or being taught” (Oxford University…

The Old English poem Beowulf offers a number of contrasts in telling the story of the hero Beowulf and his fight to save a community not his own from the monster Grendel. One of the contrasts is between youth and old age, and this contrast is not presented in a very explicit fashion but is inherent in the role of the young man, Beowulf, who is expected to achieve a certain heroic stature before he becomes older, like the leader of the Danes, a man much older now but one who would have been more…

they believed in charms for luck, and magical rhymes that can be portrayed as poems. They believed it would protect them from evils in the world and sicknesses. When they passed, some would either be cremated or buried into the grave with their possessions because it would be used for their next life and show the kind of life they had lived before. Once Romans left, Christianity was still used and also moved to other places that Anglo-Saxons had not settled on yet, like the west and Wales. In AD…