Mitral stenosis

represents an important landmark in seeing the patient as a whole rather than as isolated pathology.[9] Illness is not just an isolated physical disorder or random event. Perhaps bad habits start in medical school, referring to a patient as "the mitral stenosis in bed 7" or "the lobar pneumonia in bed…

ventricles to compare the sizes of the two structures. Upon the ultrasound you will visualize ventricular hypertrophy, absence of chamber dilation, inter-ventricular septum or left ventricular posterior wall thinning less than six millimeters, or mitral valve…

They account for most of the cardiac diseases shown in women of childbearing age. There are also non-congenital heart diseases such as, mitral stenosis, aortic valve insufficiency, which are acquired conditions. However, the understanding is that most cardiac valvular diseases manifest during pregnancy are usually due to rheumatic fever. How to predict the maternal and fetal outcome? The average…

pulmonary edema. Pulmonary edema is caused by leakage of fluid from pulmonary capillaries out into the interstitial space and alveoli. The most common cause of pulmonary edema is either a cardiac or vascular problem. Cardiac problems include mitral valve stenosis or left sided heart failure, both of which increase the pulmonary venous pressure and consequently pulmonary capillary pressure. Vascular problem could arise from an insult to the blood capillary membranes or lung parenchyma caused by…

Primary prevention is defined as preventing the onset of disease through interventions that are applied before there is any evidence of disease or injury. Examples of such prevention include things like vaccination. By this definition, a primary preventative strategy for this patient would be recognising that he had several risk factors for his stroke and aiming to prevent the stroke before it happened. He is beyond that stage now but if he was given an intervention before his first stroke in…

Final impression found mildly dilated left ventricle with normal wall thickness and normal systolic function with an estimated ejection fraction is fifty to fifty-five percent. Thickened mitral valve with mild to moderate aortic stenosis and mild regurgitation is also present with an aortic valve area of 2.0 cm2 and a mean gradient of 11mmHg. Lastly mild left atrial and right atrium enlargement. The patient also had a White Blood Cell Local Study NM which is…

(VWF), a glycoprotein that when complexed to Factor VIII, is responsible for platelet adhesion. Affected dogs may have prolonged bleeding after surgery or trauma. Mitral valve stenosis 6 is a narrowing of the mitral valve leading to increased atrial pressure, limited cardiac output and left side congestive heart failure. Pulmonic stenosis 8 is a narrowing of the right ventricular outflow tract resulting in ventricular hypertrophy, congestive heart failure, syncope or sudden death. Both…

Assessment Task Two Case Study Question 1 Mr. Harding has a number of ‘pre-morbid’ chronic conditions that may be impacting on his admission and the care you will need to provide. Choose two (2) of Mr. Harding’s chronic diseases, explain the pathophysiology. What organs are affected by each disorder? (20 marks/10 per disorder) Asthma Asthma is a chronic syndrome related to the inflamed airways of the lungs (Rogers 2010). This is due to the constriction of the airways from an exaggerated…

QUESTIONS 1. Discuss the pathophysiology of coronary artery atherosclerosis. Include discussion of risk factors associated with the development of this disease. (10 points) Coronary artery atherosclerosis is most commonly comprised of atherosclerotic fibrous fatty obstructions of the large epicardial vessels, which provide for blood flow and transport nutrients, oxygen, and elimination of metabolic waste products such as CO2, lactic acid, and hydrogen ions. Coronary artery atherosclerosis…

system, principally cardiac disease, vascular diseases of the brain and kidney, and peripheral arterial disease. The causes of cardiovascular disease are diverse but atherosclerosis and/or hypertension are the most common. In addition, with aging come a number of physiological and morphological changes that alter cardiovascular function and lead to increased risk of cardiovascular disease, even in healthy asymptomatic individuals. Heart attacks and strokes are usually acute events and are mainly…