Jus ad bellum

Leviathan is divided into four specific books “Of Man”, “Of Common-Wealth”, “Of A Christian Common-Wealth”, and “Of the Kingdome of Darknesse”. Book I focuses on the philosophical framework for the entire text, while the following and remaining books elaborate the arguments presented in the prior chapters. Book I, begins by Hobbes beginning his text by considering the motions of matter, and arguing that every aspect of human nature can be deduced from materialist principles. Hobbes then goes on…

The life of man is solitary, poor, nasty, brutish and short. This outcome is not what man wants out of life. He wants power and the ability to achieve his appetites and avoid his aversions. This holds true for the man next to him as well and there is no guarantee that man will not kill one another in the natural state of things in order to follow his appetites and aversions. This is why government was created. Man chose to create government to ensure self-protection; he gave up his power and…

In Mo Tzu’s Against Music, the audience learns that music is detrimental to society. He first starts out by claiming the responsibility of a benevolent man, or women is to eliminate what is ruinous to society. Besides this, a benevolent man’s obligation is not to just take his only interest and add it, but also decide based on the common good. For instance, plenty of people of a higher class, rulers, and ministers may enjoy music, and all it entails, very much; but, it offers few to none…

In analyzing the foundations of human behavior, Thomas Hobbes’ Leviathan, establishes a basis for what he considers a secure, harmonious commonwealth. Reason, by adding and subtracting consequences, offers a fundamental reordering of man’s passions and fears, placing self-preservation as man’s greatest desire and the threat of violent death as man’s greatest fear. In turn, Reason allows man to control and direct his passions. This process is critical to help define the goals of politics and…

A counter narrative can be seen to arise over the very nature of man itself. A negative conception of the nature of man arguably erodes all the work done allowing for man to maximise himself within a state and paints the role of systems and states in an entirely different light. For many theorist man is inherently destructive or evil and a “leviathan” (Hobbes, 1661) must be required to stop man from self-destructing.. Augustine of Hippo states that humans are all inherently sinful due to…

all, you have lost all your motivation in addition to a constant battle taking place in your mind about whether to keep going or to give up everything you have worked for. Recently, I have been asked to choose a quote that perfectly shouts, “Jaenna!” “Ad astra per aspera” translated to, “To the stars through difficulty,” is a valuable quote to me for numerous reasons. This quote means that if you work hard, you will be rewarded in the end. Also, it best describes me because…

There are three part to the “Just War” theory: jus ad bellum (justice in resorting to war), jus in bello (justice in the conduct of the war), and jus post bellum (justice after the war). The rules of jus ad bellum are pointed towards the heads of state, if anything goes or is done wrong, the head of state can be charged with war crimes. The rules of jus in bello involve correct conduct in the midst of battle. Lastly, jus post bellum refers to justice after the war. Many people believe that…

in this context. The Jus ad Bellum if viewed through a traditional state entity prism may prove difficult to satisfy. I am referring to checkpoints such as right authority, proportional response, retaliatory versus preemptive strike, etc. However, I believe the Jus ad Bellum is satisfied if viewed through a non-state entity prism. Additionally, I believe the United States should be wear of using the U.N. as a “right authority” workaround for the non-state entity Jus ad Bellum dilemma. Those who…

Napalm, Agent Orange, communism, and death: the Vietnam War can be difficult to understand. However, American involvement in the Vietnam War was not justified because it did not fulfill the requirements of jus ad bellum. The United States did not have just cause or the right intent to fight yet they still sent millions of soldiers over in an effort to win. Our reasoning was not clear, war was not formally declared by congress, and there were no extraneous circumstances that would cause us to…

undoubtedly a morally unacceptable choice of action in war, therefore the United States is ethically responsible for the war crime of nuclear bombing the Japanese city, Hiroshima. Through an analysis of the atomic bombing on Hiroshima using the Jus in Bello and Jus Ad Bellum Just War Principles, this essay will demonstrate why the United States bears moral responsibility for a war crime. In “Contemporary Moral Problems” by James E. White,…