Andrew Jackson’s harsh actions towards Native Americans remain as a notorious part of his presidency. The United States desired to expand westward, but Indians living in the South presented a formidable roadblock. With integration proving to be too difficult, Jackson proposed the Indian Removal Act that passed in Congress in 1830. The act allowed Jackson to trade federal territory with Indians for their land. Jackson’s First and Second Annual Message revealed his attitudes towards Native…
Quanah Parker made many choices, and had consequences for his actions. Not all consequences are bad though. I feel that Quanah Parkers consequences were positive ones. He was a leader, in charge of his Comanche people. He had to do many things to keep his people safe. In his eyes fighting for himself, his people, their rights, and their land is what he had to do in order to keep them safe. I feel that all of his decisions helped his people rather than harmed them, because his choices were made…
Cherokee slavery is an incredibly contentious subject. Questions of how and why it began have been discussed, yet not to a large enough degree. To help further the discourse I have gathered an assortment of different sources ranging from a personal letter from a famous historical figure to articles from prominent abolitionist newspapers. Not surprisingly, a great deal of the newspaper sources drew comparisons of Cherokee slavery to that of Euro-Americans. I found that most sources…
their land. The Cherokee Nation, when faced with relocation, petitioned the United States Supreme Court claiming that their forced removal by the government of the State of Georgia was unconstitutional. The Court ruled in their favor; Unfortunately, the Court does not have the authority to enforce their decisions and President Jackson refused to enforce the ruling. This resulted in extreme discriminatory treatment of the Cherokees by the Georgia State Government, until the Cherokee finally, as a…
“The 1854-1855 Western Washington Treaties” (article 1) describes the unfair treatment the Indians endured when Americans wanted to expanded westward. The United States appointed Isaac I. Stevens to “negotiate” treaties with Indian nations. Stevens believed that Indian culture had no differences, so many times tribes with totally different languages and cultures would be put together on a reservation, even tribal enemies. He also felt that that Indians should not be given fertile lands, and the…
My first example of hybridity is feathers. Feathers have had many uses for thousands of years. Feather pillows have been around since 400 C.E. Then came the steel pen in the mid-nineteenth century, made from the quill of goose feathers. In certain cultures feathers contained a great sense of symbolism, and often associated with spirituality. Starting in the sixteenth century in Brazil feather bonnets were made and worn for ritual dances and religious ceremonies. Feathered spirit masks were worn…
There were numerous factors that shaped how Americans viewed the native tribes. A general suspicion and fear existed on both sides, influenced by the conflict and differences between the natives and the American settlers. There were also several different viewpoints on the native tribes that the Americans held, each either bluntly or subtly communicating superiority over the natives. The belief in inevitable white expansion also affected these viewpoints. To begin with, one of the ways warfare…
I believe that when Governor John White left Roanoke Island for England to get supplies, the colonists were expecting him to return back to the island in a few months. However, when the colonists did not hear anything from him or see him return after more than a year they began to think that White would not be returning to the island. In 1588, Spanish soldiers received reports that the English were establishing a new colony in the New World. The colonists, not wanting to be attacked and killed…
American government shift from an “expansion with honor” policy to a policy of the expulsion of the Cherokee people? The Cherokee people were once a great nation whose population spanned all across the South Eastern corners of the North American continent. The Cherokee people once called states such as North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Tennessee, Alabama, Kentucky, and Virginia home. The Cherokee people once governed their own nation, a nation where men hunted and women farmed. A nation…
The decision to change my semester project was an easy one due to the fact that I feel lost on my research project. I have decided to teach about the Lakota. My decision was made as I was standing on top of the capital steps with my friend Thomas YellowHorse protesting Columbus Day. He was in full regalia, meaning, he was covered in ceremonial Feathers. Eagles are protected by law and he could have been arrested if he was not carrying his tribal card. I wasn’t planning on going to the protests…