in the country’s history. The racial lines between workers became a source of great contention and South Africa experienced serious labour strikes and industrial action. This payed on white fears that Africans were becoming too powerful, and in turn made Afrikaner voters especially likely to respond to the Nationalist Party’s warning of ‘swart gevaar’ black danger. The effects of WW2 also enabled the regrowth of African nationalists, which in turn aggravated the Afrikaners. The African National Congress was founded in 1912 as a direct response to segregationist legislation but was largely inactive. In 1943 the ANC arose from the ashes and under the leadership of Alfred Xunma, the ANC presented to Prime Minister Jan Smuts of the United Party a document named ‘Africans Claims in South Africa’ which placed African demands within the principles laid down by the allies in the Atlantic Charter. The ANC stressed that ‘demands of the Africans for full citizenship rights should be recognised’, they also called for a ‘fair distribution ' of the land’. In the same year of 1944 young members of the ANC formed the ANC Youth League, their Manifesto of 1944 outlined their values one being the rejection of ‘foreign leadership of Africa.’ Their statement of policy sought to let the world know that the white man’s contentions were misleading and they were not helping Africans ‘on the road to civilised life’. Other Africans sought action with a more direct effect than…
Nature leaves me in complete and utter awe. The ability to frighten, calm and excite men and women at all levels amazes me. I think in every person, nature seems to have affected him or her in one way or another. Nature has allowed me to escape from the buzzing chaos of a large family lifestyle. I take my place as the fifth child of my parents. Being the fifth child also means I am the oldest girl and am in the very middle of nine kids. Business and echoing voices are constant at my house. I…
preachers.” This idea was the idea of “poor preachers” who live modest lifestyles. Finally in 1382, he decided to begin translating the Vulgate into an English Bible because he thought that every man should be able to read it for themselves. He also had his first stroke in 1382. He was never excommunicated from the church, but he began living a more quiet life while living in Lutterworth. The he had a stroke in 1384 and this one paralyze him, then three days later he passed away. He never…
Jan Hus was the most important religious reformer of the Czech Republic in the fifteenth century, whose work transcended Medieval period and predicted the Reformation led by Luther in the sixteenth century. Jan Hus was born in Bohemia around 1371. He was intelligent and received many advanced certifications, including a master’s degree in 1396, and a bachelor's degree in theology in 1404. He is a master and a principal of the University of Prague. Jan Hus was appointed to preach at the Bethlehem…
“The world can be better if there is love, tolerance and humility.” Irena Sendler smuggled 2,500 Jewish children out of the Warsaw Ghetto during World War Two. The Warsaw Ghetto, was a new “resettlement” for all Jews, from there, they were sent to concentration camps. Irena became a nurse and would smuggle the children out of the Ghetto using ambulances, potato sacks and more. However, she was caught by the Gestapo, German police, who then broke her limbs. She was sentenced to death but managed…
According to Oldenburg (1999) the term third place is used to “describe the public spaces used for informal social interaction outside of the home and workplace.” (Soukup, p.421). Third places are public spaces that provided “unique functions within a local community.” Oldenburg’s criteria for traditional third spaces stated that they must be on a neutral ground, must be social leveler, must be accessible, driven by communication, must have regulars, and a playful mood. Furthermore, third…
Analyzing one of the opening scenes of the film “Little Otik”, directed by Jan Svankmajer. This scene begins with a black and white version of two mannequins in many different sex positions. Preceding that scene is a colored close up of a tree being sawed and chopped down. We see the wife of the man cutting the tree down looking out the window with a saddened face. As she glares at her husband cutting down the tree she comes inside to open a trunk that seems to have a lot of sentimental meaning…
People have personal definitions of home. It could be where their loved ones are, where they grew up, where their heart is, or where their dog is. If one thing is certain about all these, it’s that home is where you feel a strong sense of belonging, security, and love. Finding all of these things in one place in your life can be a challenge for some, but everyone has some form of home. I have found my own definition in home. Home is no specific place and in fact can be multiple places; however,…
The Holocaust, it was a huge event in national history, and it affected thousands of people. In June of 1942, with the dreaded situation for the Jews, the Franks decided to go into hiding in secret in their office building. Along with a few others, Miep Gies agreed to be a "helper," to them, by bringing them food that she would collect from different food sources, with illegal ration cards her husband had procured as part of the Dutch resistance. Miep and her colleagues also made sure that the…
In our day and age, many people live negative lives, but Anne Frank was not one of those people. Anne Frank was a Jewish teenager at the times of the Holocaust, and although she was sent to a concentration camp at the age of 15, she was very positive and always tried to see the best in everyone. Her character could be seen through her speech, actions, and interaction with others. One of Anne’s most famous quotes, “In spite of everything, I still believe that people are really good at heart,”…