Global Peace Index

to protect the people from atrocities inflicted by their own countrymen. Use of military force can be very costly in terms of casualties both civilian and of security forces. The benefits can be attributed to whether an intervention has restored peace, saved lives and provided long-term stability. Cost of intervention can be high and benefits minimum but by not intervening, countries may face even higher costs and risks due to spillover effects. The question should not be whether an…

Now that super-human AI seems plausible, some of us have become worried about safety regarding the future AI development. They typically come in two forms. The first concern is that due to our inability to understanding the technical issues involved in complex systems, an AI system may end up exhibiting behavior or achieving a goal much different than what the designer purported. If the capabilities of this system are super-human in most aspects, it may end up unintentionally being dangerous to…

Short Answer* 1. The peace of Westphalia end the thirty Years’ War between Spain, the Dutch and parts of German sects. It set the ground for modern sovereignty because before the war, Europe was under a feudal system. The treaty outlined state sovereignty and took away the power of the church by giving power to states within their own territory. 2. The constructivist theory states that society is constructed by norms and ideas. These Norms change within a scale. This scale ‘Norm emergence,…

indirectly involved in the most disastrous conflict known to humanity until present days. The biggest goal at the time was for people to find a way through which global peace could be maintained and to recover as quickly as possible from the nightmares of the war. The universal desire for peace and unification after the devastating effects of the global…

The story strongly represents the values of peace and justice as the story uses these elements to convey a common goal. Charlie’s foreign viewpoint is seen as diverse, and presents a possible deviation from social justice as diversity can be seen as intimidating for some people. The journey Charlie…

distinguish between Negative Peace (absence of war) and positive Peace (inclusive of socio-economic wellbeing and justice, and equal opportunities for development and improvements) In our Capitalistic system the top of hierarchy, corporative ruling class, supports the concept of negative peace, because they want to maintain the status quo, although peace cannot be separated from social justice (Cancian & Gibson, pdf) Barash and Webel also distinguish between positive and negative peace…

The first line of Sun Tzu’s Art of War is “War is a matter of vital importance to the state. It is a matter of life and death, survival or ruin.” Sun Tzu knows that war could lead to disaster. Sometimes the best way to win is not to fight at all, this perhaps is what Sun Tzu’s ultimate secret is. Nation often rush into wars, with very little concern or thinking through of the course it is going to be; not only in money but in terms of human suffering; not only to ourselves but the civilians of…

possible results of war is always better than a war plan. As Fearon argues that war is always ex post inefficient. So a puzzle occurs, which is why rational countries choose to wage a war rather than considering a bargaining or negotiation to make a peace agreement. According to that, Fearon raised three rationalist explanations, namely information asymmetry, issue…

War throughout history has been limited as opposed to absolute. Limited war by its nature is the opposite of absolute war, and absolute war is a theory that fails as a construct. This essay discusses the two groups or types of war (absolute and limited) and the category subsets of those two groups that Carl von Clausewitz first discussed in his treatise On War. Categories of war, as defined by Carl von Clausewitz, are absolute war, ideal war, limited war, real war, war to disarm the enemy, war…

Economic Sanctions are characterized as a statecraft, which has been made for the advancement of Foreign Policy. In David, Balding words, Sanctions “are influenced attempts.” Where states seek to exert power over another international actor, that is, to do what they otherwise will not do. Since the post-war, the UN Security Council has authorized 26 multilateral sanctions , such as, in Haiti, Iraq, South Africa and Former Yugoslavia. Where compressive exchange sanctions were applied. However,…