Edwin Sutherland

Cohen 's studies stemmed from Robert Merton 's strain theory, and Edwin Sutherland 's differential association theory. In his 1955 book, Delinquent Boys: Culture of the Gang, Cohen described that boys who find themselves unable to achieve cultural goals in society through legitimate and conventional processes enter a phase…

White-collar crime often is conceived as a sort of residual category in criminology, that is, as a form of crime that is unlike traditional forms of street crime. Write an essay in which you accomplish the following tasks:  Identify and discuss the distinguishing features of white-collar type crimes and white-collar offenders. How do white-collar type crimes differ from traditional street crimes in regards to their characteristics and the techniques used by the offenders who engage in them? One…

He claimed that the type of person who perpetrates this crime is a member of the upper class whose crimes were often disregarded by the Justice System. Sutherland described this person as being of high financial and political power and did not possess the traits commonly associated with deviant behaviour, such as a low socioeconomic level, sociopathic or psychopathic behaviour. (Reurink 2016) Since Sutherland’s…

Conflict Theory Conflict theory suggests that deviant behaviors result from social, political or material inequalities within a certain social group (Pawluch, 2016). This theory was first introduced by Karl Marx, who stated that society is in a constant state of conflict due to the competition for control over limited resources (Pawluch, 2016). More specifically, societal order is maintained by domination and power; the tensions within society are a direct result of the unequal distribution of…

1. Strain Theory (or General Strain theory, your choice): Strain theory explains deviant behavior as an unavoidable outcome of the strain an individual experiences when society does not provide acceptable and approved resources to achieve culturally valued goals. This theory was developed by the sociologist Robert K. Merton in 1957. Merton’s strain theory is influenced by Durkheim’s concept of anomie. It is the universal socialization of the “American Dream”. According to Merton, social roles…

he was eighteen years old and slowly began his reign of terror over the city. His crimes evolved from burglaries to the extremely violent rapes and murders of dozens of women. Ramirez was not born with the skills and drives to commit these acts. As Edwin Sutherland’s Differential Association Theory states, criminal behaviors are often taught. In the case of “The Night Stalker”, these behaviors were instilled in Ramirez from a young age starting with his close friendship with his criminal cousin,…

creates an alienation that constantly increases and ultimately takes the form of self-destruction that seems to defy any possibility of control. The sociologist Edwin Sutherland use the term differential association to indicate this ”From the different groups we associate with, we learn to deviate from or conform to society’s norms” (Sutherland 1924,1947; McCarthy 2011) to make explain how different groups in which we operate interact on our behavior. Take the example of the orphan from his…

In John S. Baker’s article, The Sociological Origins of White Collar Crime, he briefly described Sutherland’s thought about white-collar crime. Baker pointed out and quoted from what Sutherland said himself that, “White collar crime is crime committed by a person of respectability and high social status in the course of his occupation. (Heritage Foundation, 2004)” Though in today’s time, the term can be used in a variety of different crimes…

In the United States, one out of every 100 adults is incarcerated (Collier, 2014, p. 56). Strictly based on this number, it would appear that America has a rather large criminal population that needs acknowledging. However, upon closer inspection, it appears that conditioning may hold some responsibility for this long-standing and self-perpetuating issue. If we observe and take into consideration how criminal behavior and attitudes can spread through learning, and how the criminal justice…

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