Edwin Sutherland

Since the boom of the industrial revolution and evolution of large cities and subsequent rise in crime rates, criminologists have long since sought to discover an explanation for criminal behaviour. Why do some people commit crime or engage in criminal behaviour and some don’t? How does one become a criminal and where do they learn the skills which enable them to commit a crime? Why do some people easily identify an opportunity to commit a crime whereas others wouldn’t know where to begin or…

Each year, “200 to 350 corporations are convicted in federal courts for offenses ranging from tax law violations to environmental crimes” (Adler et al. Pg. 322, 2013). The biggest problem many corporation face is defining corporate crimes. In order to understand the causation of crime and criminal behavior, these corporations need to become familiar with early interpretation and theories of criminality. Towards the end of the 1930s Strain theories, developed by Emile Durkheim. Strain theory,…

laws are violated. Many theories explain why people do what they do including the works of Becker, Sutherland, and Hirschi. The Labeling Theory,…

White-Collar crimes are usually non-violent crimes which occur in corporate structured organizations. In the words of Edwin Sutherland, a crime committed by a person in a high status position and respectability in the course of their profession or occupation (Brody and Kent 2010). Financial fraud, embezzlement, insider trading, identity theft, and forgery are a few examples of crimes of a corporate nature. A white-collar crime described as “the largest Ponzi-type scheme in Canadian history”…

behavior and engaging in conforming behavior by being active with others. It also described the mechanism, the reinforcement positive/ negative, and beliefs, punishments, and explains the imitating model of delinquency that gets involved. Edwin H. Sutherland is a pioneer of criminology that opposes the genetic influences and the mental defects of criminal behavior. Social learning had five basic forms called denial responsibility, denial of injury, and the denial victim, condemnation of…

Consequently, not thinking of themselves as criminal offenders, instead denying the criminality of their actions this is common among white-collar crime offenders. The phrase "white-collar crime" was first used by Edwin Sutherland, whom concluded that “white-collar crime is nonviolent crime committed for financial gain by business professionals, politicians, and other people in positions where they have gained the trust of those who they serve. Goff, C. H.( 1982) There…

differential association theory and Akers’ social learning theory. Social learning theory posits that learning takes place within a social context (Williams & McShane 2014). Throughout the years, theorists such as Edwin Sutherland and Ron Akers have expanded on this notion. Sutherland developed differential association theory, which proposes learning takes place in social settings by associating with peers. Akers also made important contributions, as his social learning theory identifies social…

Part A: Introduction and Overview According to the FBI, supposedly devised in 1939 by Professor Edwin Hardin Sutherland, the phrase white-collar crime is now indistinguishable with the comprehensive assortment of frauds perpetrated by commercial and administration authorities. These illegalities are symbolized by deception, suppression, or violation of confidence and are not contingent on the application or hazard of physical influence or brutality. The provocation behind these offences is…

bought by the government (Adler et al., 2012). Eventually by the 1890’s the United States Congress enacted the Sherman Antitrust Act, which made it illegal for corporations engaged practices that would monopolize the corporate market. In 1940 Edwin H. Sutherland officially coined the term “white-collar crime” and was the first scholar to officially define it as crime “committed by a person of respectability and high social status in the course of his occupation (Adler et al., 2012). These…

Sutherland, an American sociologist, wrote his paper , “White-Collar Criminality,” where he described white-collar crime as ‘ a crime committed by a person of respectability and high social status in the course of his occupation” (Norris and Price 2) This definition faces scrutiny considering his emphasis on a high social status, which limits the application of his definition to a small percentage, thus leaving aside individuals who could execute such crimes. Sutherland was not wrong…