Clergy

Females, Domestic Suppression and Religion: Manipulation or Control? Since the rise of the male dominated, testosterone fueled rule, there have been many different methods of attempting to control the masses. By enforcing such forms of control, the power has remained in the palm of the male’s hand rooting back to the Bronze Age, and continues through modern times with a seemingly unstoppable force. Such forms include religion and keeping women within the domestic sphere. Each of these routes…

The connection between religion and everyday life in the early United States has, at times, been a contentious field of study. Questions about how various churches and faiths developed in conjunction with the revolution, governmental authority, and enlightenment ideology have been examined from multiple angles. Of particular interest has been the spread of evangelical denominations during the first great awakening, during the late eighteenth and early nineteenth Centuries. This essay will…

On January 30th 1933, Hitler was appointed Chancellor of Germany. It was in this position that he transformed Germany into the Third Reich, in which the country was treated as an empire and was governed by the Nazi regime. On July 20th 1933, the Vatican – consisting of the head of the Catholic Church, Pope Pius XI, and his papal court- along with Cardinel Pacelli and the German bishops, signed the Reichskonkordat with Hitler. The Reichskonkordat was a treaty between the Vatican and the Third…

Kuda Masunungure Exam 2, Question 1 The Reformations, at their core, were not a protest against the Renaissance but rather a protest against the form of the Church that the Renaissance allowed to exist. The Reformations are therefore shaped by the simultaneous rejection of the opulence and excess that fanned the flames of the Church’s corruption and embracing of expression and individualism that allowed for criticism of the Church to occur. In order to understand how the Reformation's reflects…

amoral in a more peaceful time (Boccaccio 77). Another more prominent idea comes from Simon Islip, archbishop of Canterbury, who tries to address the clergy that is leaving the public churches to work for more lucrative private chapels. This priest notes the greed that motivates the human race, banishing the idea of charity, and condemns the clergy as a whole who “have no regard for the care of souls,” instead preferring to have higher wages (Islip 104). Such a condemnation highlights the…

During the late 1700’s, the citizens of the Third Estate in France suffered from a severe economic crisis caused by deficit spending, failed harvests which led to famine, and tax inequality across the three estates. In June of 1789, the poor, hungry citizens of France rose up in revolution against the monarchy and overthrew the king’s rule in pursuit of a constitutional government. While the eventual arrival of the Age of Napoleon brought relative peace in France, his rule strayed from the…

of the Council itself or even its priorities.” Overall, Trent influenced “all aspects of ecclesiastical life and of the the moral climate of Europe” through its fundamental teachings on the sacraments, and its redefining of the roles and duties of clergy, which more clearly defined the fundamental teachings of the Catholic Church. As a whole, O’Malley success in his goal of highlighting various misunderstandings concerning the Council of Trent and distinguishing between Trent itself and the…

Franco-German Gregorian liturgy found a beautiful expression. The Franko-German sacramentaries made their way into Italy as enthusiasm heightened for the liturgy as it was celebrated north of the alps. The Cluniac Monks would give liturgical books to clergy who wanted them, and the Saxon rulers Otto I and Otto II also gave the Frankish sacramentaries in Italy in an attempt to revive the liturgical life. The Franco-Germanic liturgy found a home, unofficially, in Italy, but it would not be until…

the Kings protect the faith and because of that taxing the church was justified. All this lead to many consequences. King Philip was not happy with the protest on taxes of Pope Boniface because he needed money which is why he wanted to tax French clergy. Due to Pope Boniface protesting and opposing Philip there were consequences. The Kings response to Boniface was economic pressure. Economic pressure was a time where price was controlled. The King also was very upset, so he demanded that…

At first, an indulgence was understood as a certificate given to a person by the Pope whose sins had been forgiven. While never being stated by the church themselves, many members of the clergy believed that Grace was simply achieved by purchasing an indulgence with money (Walter). Martin Luther said in regards to the selling of indulgences that, “If you can get someone out of purgatory for money, why would you not do so out of love?” (Baker). In simpler terms, during this time, money was the…