Civil law

of rights is a declaration of human rights protection and guarantees usually issued by a national government. A bill of right usually comprised of an implementation of International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights 1996 (Int) (ICCPR) into domestic law. ICCPR is a treaty between states to recognize civil and political rights of individuals. Australia is the only western democracy in the world without either a constitutionally entrenched bill of rights or non-entrenched, statutory bills of…

ABSTRACT The Equality Act 2010 has efficiently brought together various laws for the protection of different individuals, dictating a person’s entitlement to fair treatment. These differences are recognized as protected characteristics including age, disability, gender reassignment, marriage & civil partnership, race, religion or belief, sex, and sexual orientation. Awareness of current alterations in the Act are important steps to acting responsibly in every organization. This report…

Prior to the 1990’s, the law enforcement officers were not extremely strict in the way of vigilance and it was extremely easy to get away with crimes. This was completely changed with the idea of zero tolerance policing. Zero tolerance policing is the concept of officer enforcing every facet of the law. The original idea of zero tolerance policing was brought about in the by the safe and clean neighborhoods act, which had the same underlying assumptions and concepts. However, it was quickly…

Corporations and Political Agendas. Our civil justice system sets the foundation for protecting our “Civil Liberties”, and ensures that we may all receive a fair chance in litigations from big companies and corporations, whether it be negligence or misconduct. This system ensures the safety of things we commonly use or may come in contact with daily such as cars, medicine, food, etc. What is a torte and what is tort reform? Tort law is the…

In the article published by Anna Harvey and Barry Friedman, they conducted research to discover whether or not the court was constrained or unconstrained. The researched contained six theories: the floor median theory, in which the Court adhered to the median of Congress’ floor as the House and Senate medians were pivotal to their decisions; the committee gatekeeping model, in which committees control which legislation reaches the Congress floor; majority party (gatekeeping/median) models, in…

In Gideon v. Wainwright, the U.S. Supreme Court decided that the assistance of counsel was a fundamental right to those (in criminal trials) who could not afford one, and that it was essential to a fair trial and due process of law. The Constitutional Amendments at issue were the Sixth and Fourteenth Amendments. In 1961, Clarence Gideon was denied the right to counsel after being accused of breaking and entering with the intent to commit a misdemeanor offense, which was a felony in the state…

everal years ago the writers of the constitution have build their society based on the idea of the popular sovereignty, rule of law and tolerance.These ideas have become the pillar of our founding fathers for building a new society. Popular sovereignty is a form of power in which a government has over its people. This was an idea that the government was created and sustained by the consent of its people, where the political power was mainly derived from. popular sovereignty is a type of…

American social setting was undergoing a great metamorphosis in the early 1960s when civil rights activists vehemently campaigned against any form of racial segregation and oppression. There were oppressive laws that bound certain people from riding on buses. The narrative was changing and the rigid social structure was reluctant to allow change take its inevitable course. At the request of American Liberties Civil Union (ALCU), William accepted to represent southern freedom riders as an…

However, some question if same-sex rights are indeed civil rights due to definitions and literature; I believe the question could be simply answered as, “yes.” The civil rights movement for same-sex individuals goes back many decades. These rights include but are not limited to: employment, housing and public accommodation. In some states these rights are allowed to be legally discriminated against. To be exact, in twenty-two states there are laws for non-discrimination. This means that before…

led to the 2008 recession and the big bank bailout are complicated and a result of misguided laws and poor governance. Both Congress and the financial sector bought the notion that real estate values…