Bernice Pauahi Bishop

In the Catholic Church, one learns that divorced members of the Church who remarry, without the previous marriage being annulled, are forbidden to participate sacramentally in the Church, including participation in the Sacrament of Reconciliation and more importantly, not being able to receive the Holy Eucharist. They are also not allowed to hold positions of leadership in the parish or public ministerial roles such as Eucharistic Minister or Lector. Because of this exclusion and ostracization,…

Prior to the 16th century Protestant Reformation the Holy Roman Empire had been facing crises in the 14th and 15th century, inflicting damage to the prestige of the hierarchy. As a result of both the Black Plague and the Hundred Years’ War, Europe had a major economic downfall because money was lost while fighting the war and the Plague was chaotic in general. Desperate times had led to desperate measures. With deceased officials and clergymen, the ones who survived began fighting for the power…

The beginning of The Middle Ages, also known as the Dark Ages, came after the fall of the Roman Empire. The middle Ages was a time of disease and death for European culture that clouded the time from 400 AD to 1200 AD in darkness and hopelessness. The Political culture of the Medieval ages is what best known for its instability for power over the competition for royalty. The culture of the time was very idealistic in nature by thinking of their surroundings as they should rather than what they…

No family is perfect…We argue, we fight. We even stop talking to each other at times. But in the end family is family…The love will always be there.” This quote by an unknown author relates to the movie “My Big Fat Greek Wedding” and to my family in many ways. Although my Family has very different beliefs than the family in the movie. One big difference in the parenting roles between my family and the Portokalos family is that I come from a divorced house hold which is very different from a…

The Protestant Reformation was a massively important European religious and political movement. For the first time in over half a millennium, the European Church split. H. G. Wells said that this happened because people, “objected not to the church’s power, but to its weaknesses… Their movements against the Church, within and without, were movements not for release from a religious control, but for a fuller and more abundant religious control.” While the Catholic Church was undeniably becoming…

Government in Catholic and Eastern Orthodox churches are a part of a hierarchical model. Conclusively, the hierarchy is comprised of priesthood, monks, nuns, and levels of bishops. Christ’s representative is addressed as the pope in the Roman Catholic church. Understandably, the pope is the ultimate power of the Roman Catholic hierarchical system. Although in the Eastern Orthodox Church, patriarchs take the place of the pope…

While there may be debate as to what the most important event was in the time periods all the way up to the 1600’s, I would argue that it was in introduction of the Christian religion to the western civilizations. Every aspect of civilization was impacted by this socially, economically and politically. Christianity was first introduced by Constantine in the Roman Empire in the late third century. Constantine issued the famous Edict of Milan, which made it official that the Romans would tolerate…

Augustine of Hippo was a Roman bishop whose main philosophy on Christianity was to not focus on the earthly part of life but the spiritual. He would write The City of God which would try to defend Christianity after Rome is taken down by the Goths. Augustine would state that with the…

In the New Testament, Junia, Pricilla, Phoebe, and Mary Magdalene were four females with leadership roles in the Jesus movement. These females were deaconesses, evangelists, educators, or preachers. The New Testament provides insight into the debate of female leadership and ordination during the early church movement; a debate that continues now. Certain Christian denominations today permit female ordination, while other denominations stand firm against female pastors; both use the New Testament…

middle ages a monarch or a sovereign of a place invested in bishops and abbots with a ceremonial ring and staff. “This ceremonial was extremely important both social and economically in the hierarchy because the appoint would also be a feudal lord.” This indicates the power that king gives the bishop or abbot that was chosen not only as a spiritual leader, but a feudal lord as well. Which means for the citizens of that land that the bishop or abbot has authority over other people just alike a…