A Civil Action

For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction. In 1964, former President John F. Kennedy reacted to the civil unrest in America by implementing the policy of affirmative action. In his executive order, he stated that applicants who were applying to institutions of higher learning “were to be treated without regard to their race, creed, color, or national origin.” (Hultin, Brenda Bautsch Suzanne) The definition of affirmative action according to Merriam Webster is, “an active effort…

Affirmative Action is often referred to as “reverse discrimination”. The thing is discrimination is discrimination no matter who it affects. Affirmative Action is defined as when a minority is put ahead of a non-minority. Affirmative Action is often used in college admissions and in employment decisions. The purpose of Affirmative Action is to fix 8discrimination by putting the non-minority at the disadvantage. This leaves one to wonder if Affirmative Action is fair to non-minorities, and if it…

Jamie Randall Elmoznino English 09 February 2016 Affirmative Action; All Used Up? During the 1960 's, African Americans and white people were segregated. African Americans couldn 't go to the same school as white people. They couldn 't eat in the same restaurants. They couldn 't even drink from the same water fountains. Everything was separate and supposedly equal. The separation of African Americans led to campaigns of civil resistance. There were a series of nonviolent protests…

In Santa Clara County, California the transportation agency implemented an affirmative-action plan to tackle the historical patterns of discrimination against women and minorities. By implementing affirmative action, this allowed the agency to take into consideration gender when making promotions to positions. In the past, the transportation agency’s pattern traditionally segregated job classification in which women had been significantly underrepresented. The division of road-maintenance…

Affirmative action began as an executive order signed by President Kennedy during the civil rights movement of the 1960s. The Civil Rights Act was later expanded on to include women and signed into law by President Johnson. It is defined as an action or policy favoring those who tend to suffer from discrimination, especially in relation to employment or education. Affirmative action was created to break down barriers and level the playing field, and to ” proceed on the common sense notion if…

Significant Policies Civil Rights Act of 1964: This act made segregation of all public places illegal. Prior to this act, cities could maintain separate facilities for white and black Americans. There were separate schools, buses, businesses, restrooms, hospitals, and theaters. This segregation was made possible by the Supreme Court ruling in Plessy v. Ferguson, which established the policy of “separate but equal.” While facilities were separate, they were hardly equal. The Civil Rights Act of…

Affirmative Action When discussing affirmative action we must first define what the term means. Merriam-Webster’s online dictionary defines affirmative action as “the practice of improving the educational and job opportunities of members of groups that have not been treated fairly in the past because of their race, sex, etc.” (Merriam-webster). As the definition states, these policies apply to both educational and employment situations and are designed to level the playing field, and make up…

background political climate, comprehend each side’s position and trace the decision’s current impact. I. Introduction a. Attention getter b. Glue sentences/Introductory information c. Thesis statement II. Historical Background a. Origins of affirmative action programs and their original purpose b. Public opinion and response c. Ancillary court cases that led to Grutter III. Overview of Grutter v. Bollinger a. Grutter’s argument about the violation of her 14th Amendment rights b. Bollinger’s…

In 1989, employees and applicants filed a class-action lawsuit against Shoney’s Incorporated for racial discrimination in hiring, promotion, discharge, and discriminatory behavior towards them while on the job (University of Michigan Law School, n.d.). The plaintiffs, a mix of African-Americans and Caucasians, charged that the Shoney’s used “intimidation tactics” (University of Michigan Law School, n.d.) to either not hire African-American applicants, or assign them to kitchen positions where…

Table of Contents INTRODUCTION 2 HISTORY 2 LEGAL CHALLENGES TO AFFIRMATIVE POLICY: 3 NEED ASSESSMENT: 3 QUALITY CONCERN: 4 Affirmative action In India: Constitutional Reference 4 AFFIRMATIVE ACTION IN PRIVATE SECTOR: 5 CONCLUSION 5 CASE REFERENCE: 7 INTRODUCTION Affirmative action” means positive steps taken to increase the participation and representation of women and deprived section in employment, education and culture from which they have been deprived due to historical reasons. Such…