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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Axial Skeleton
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Forms the longitudinal axis of the body
Has about 80 bones Skull - 8 cranial and 14 facial Vertebral column - 24 veertebrae, sacrum, cocycx Thoracic cage - sternum, 24 ribs |
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Axial Skeleton
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Supports and protects the brain, spinal cord, and organs in the ventral cavity
Provides surface for attachment of muscles |
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Cranial Bones
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8 bones
Occipital bone - 1 Frontal bone - 1 Sphenoid bone - 1 Ethmoid bone - 1 Parietal bones - 2 Temporal bones - 2 |
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Cranial Bones
Occipital Bone |
One bone
Posterior and inferior surface of the cranium External occipital protuberance - small bump at midline on inferior surface Nuchal lines - ridges in back by neck; intersect the occipital crest Occipital condyles - site of articulation between skull and 1st vertebrae Foramen magnum - connects the cranial cavity and spinal cavity |
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Definitions
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Foramen - Hole
Sinuses - air spaces Fossa - depression in bone |
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Cranial Bones
Parietal Bones |
2 bones
Form part of the superior and lateral surfaces of the cranium |
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Cranial Bones
Frontal Bone |
1 bone
Forma nterior portion of the cranium and roof of the orbits (eye sockets) Supra-orbital margin - thickening of the frontal bone that helps protect the eye Supra-orbital foramen - provides passage for blood vessels for the eyelids, eyebrows, and frontal sinuses Frontal sinuses - vary in size |
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Cranial Bones
Temporal Bones |
2 bones
Form part of the lateral walls of the cranium and zygomatic arches Zygomatic process -inferior to squamous portion Zygomatic arch -cheekbone Carotid foramen -hole for passage of the internal carotid artery Jugular foramen - hole for passage of the jugular vein Mandibular fossa - on inferior surface; site of articulation with the mandible Mastoid process - site for attachment of muscles that rotate the head External auditory meatus - on lateral surface; ends at the tympanic membrane Internal auditory meatus -on medial surface ; carries blood vessels and nerves to the inner ear Styloid process -near the base of the mastoid process; attached to ligaments that support the hyoid bone Foramen lacerum - jagged slit near the sphenoid; contains small arteries that supply the inner surface of the cranium |
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Cranial Bones
Sphenoid |
1 bone
Forms part of the floor of the cranium Sphenoidal sinuses -on either side; inferior to the sella turcica Greater and lesser wings - greater extend laterally; lesser extend horizontally anterior Sella turcica - saddle-shaped enclosure on the superior surface Optic foramen -permit passagee of optic nerves Superior orbital fissure -pn greater wing; carry blood vessels and nerves to the orbit Pterygoid processes -vertical projections Foramen spinosum -carry blood vessels and nerves to the membranes of the cranal cavity Foramen rotundum -carry blood vessels and nerves to the face Foramen ovale -carry blood vessels and nerves to the jaws |
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Cranial Bones
Ethmoid Bone |
1 bone
Forms the anteromedial floor of the cranium, and part of the nasal cavity and septum, and medial orbitsl wall Ethmoidal sinuses -air spaces tha topen into the nasal cavity on each side Perpendicular plate -forms part of the nasal septum Cribriform plate -forms the anteromedial floor of the cranium and roof of the nasal cavity Olfactory foramina -in the cribriform plate; permits passage of olfactory nerves which provide sense of smell Crista galli -bony ridge that projects superior to the cribriform plate Superior nasal concha -delicate projections on side of nose Middle nasal concha -delicate projections on side of nose |
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Facial Bones
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Nasal bones - 2
Maxilla - 2 Zygomatic bones - 2 Mandible - 1 Lacrimal bone - 2 Palatine bone - 2 Inferior nasal conchae - 2 Vomer - 1 |
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Nasal Bones
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2 bones
Support the superior portion of the bridge of the nose |
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Maxillae
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2 bones
Support the upper teeth, and form the inferior orbital rim, the lateral margins of the nose, the upper jaw, and most of the hard palate Maxillary sinuses - air spaces; lighten the portion of the maxilla superior to the teeth Alveolar process -supports the upper teeth Palatine process - forms most of the hard palate (roof of the mouth) |
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Zygomatic bones
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2 bones
Part of the rim and lateral wall of the orbit, and zygomatic arch Temporal process - curves posteriorly to meet the zygomatic process of the temporal bone Zygomatic arch - the part with the temporal bone |
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Mandible
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1 bone
Forms the lower jaw Body - horizontal portion of the bone Ramus - the ascending portion of the mandible Angle -the curve where the horizontal part starts to go up into the ramus Condylar process -articulates with the temporal bone at the temperomandibulat joint Coronoid process -insertion point for the temporalis muscle Mandibular notch -depression that separates the coronoid and condylar processes Alveolar process -supports the lower teeth Mental foramen -opening for nerves to the lips and chin Mandibular foramen - entrance for blood vessels and nerves to the teeth |
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Lacrimal Bone
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2 bones
Form part of the medial wall of the orbit Lacrimal foramen -location of the lacrimal sac |
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Palatine Bone
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2 bones
form the posterior portion of the hard palate Horizontal plates - forms the posterior of the hard palate |
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Inferior Nasal Conchae
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2 bones
increase surface area in the nose to promote warming and humidification of inhaled air |
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Vomer
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1 bone
Forms the inferior portion of the nasal seotum |
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Nasal Septum
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Orbit
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Formed by 7 bones
Frontal bone - roof Maxilla - orbital floor Lacrimal bone Ethmoid bone Sphenoid Palatine bone Zygomatic bone |
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Cranial fossae
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Anterior
Middle Posterior |
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Paranasal Sinuses
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Air-filled cavities connected to the nasal cavities
Frontal sinuses, sphenoidal sinuses, ethmoid sinuses, and maxillary sinuses In the sphenoid, ethmoid, frontal, palatine, and maxilla |
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Occipital bone
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