Purposive Communication Module 4

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Research

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The systematic investigation into and study of materials and sources in order to establish facts and reach new conclusioj

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1. Originates with a question or problem

2. Requires clear goal

3. Follows a specific plan or procedure

4. Often divides main problem into sub-problems

5. Guided by specific problem, question or hypothesis

6. Accepts certain critical assumptions

7. Requires collection and interpretation of data

8. Create new knowledge, product and result

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Characteristic of a good research

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Introduction

Lit review

Method

Result

Discussion

Conclusion

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IMRAD?

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1. Summarize

2. Quote

3. Paraphrase

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3 ways to avoid plagiarism

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Summarize

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The text are much shorter than the original text

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Quote

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Use of exact words with quotatioj mark

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Paraphrase

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Using of own words

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Introduction

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Should provide a clear statement of the problem posed by the project, background, significance of the problem

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Introduction

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A brief summary of the unique approach your group used to solve the problem

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Materials and Method

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Describe the materials..., procedures, measurements and analyzed

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Results

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Section dedicated to presenting thr actual result, not to discussing their meaning or interpretation

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Tables and figures

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Result should be summarized using

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Discussion

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Interprets the result in light of the project's objective

Includes recommendations

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Conclusion

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Summarize the central points made in discussion section

Never contain surprises

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References

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Should contain complete citations following standard form

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APA (American psychological association)

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Format used mostly in scientific topic

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MLA (Modern Language Association)

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Specifies a standard format essays and research papers written in academic settings

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Literature review

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Am essential part of the research process. Helps to understand your own topic and develop your own ideas

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Literature

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Refers to the collection of academic writing on a specific topic

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1. Describing

2. Summarising

3. Comparing and contrasting

4. Evaluating

5. Analyzing

6. Organizing

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Strategies in reviewing literature

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1. Title page

2. Abstract

3. Introduction

4. Literature review

5. Methodology

6. Result

7. Discussion

8. Conclusion

9. References

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Parts of a research paper

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Title page

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Contians an informative title, name of authors with their addresses and date submitted

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1. Descriptive

2. Declarative

3. Interrogative

4. Compound

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Types of title page

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Descriptive

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Describes what the paper is about

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Declarative

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States the result of the research

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Interrogative

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Poses a question

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Compound

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Combines two titles and separate them with a colon

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Abstract

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Contains summary of findings amd conclusion

100-250 words

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Literature review

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Contains the summary and synthesis of all available sources directly related to your study

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Introduction

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Explains the current state of field and identifies research gaps. Also represents research purpose in a way that it addresses the identified gaps and puts research topic in context

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Methodology

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Contains how you proceeded witht the conduct of your research

Context and participants

Instruments

Data gathering procedure

Data analysis

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Results

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Factually describes the data gathering. Usually contains tables and graphs that summarized collected data

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Discussion

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Present the whys of the result. Provides explanation of all the results in the lit review

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Conclusionz

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Contains the restatement of major findings, limitations of the study. recommendations, and implications

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References

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Contains diff source you used in your study

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1. Preparation

2. Generating and focusing ideas (Modelling)

3. Outlining and Thesis Statement Writing

4. Drafting

5. Providing feedback

6. Revising

7. Editing/Proofreading

8. Finalizing

9. Publishing

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9 steps in writing a reseaech report

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Identify context

Purpose

Audience

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Parts of preparation

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Choose a topic

Check library

Preliminary bibliograpy

Modeling:

Samples

Paper structure etc

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Parts of generating and focusing idea

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Construct thesis statement

Construct outline

Construct generating ideas

Finalizing thesis statement

Finalizing outline

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Parts of outlining and Thesis statement writing

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1. Body

2. Conclusion

3. Introduction

4. Abstract

5. Reference list

6. Put together all parts

7. Continue generating ideas

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Drafting

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Self feedback

Peers (atleast 2)

Teachers

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Providing feedback

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Revising

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Consider your own feed back, your peers and teachers as well

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Editing/proofreading

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Correcting of diction or word choice

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Finalizing

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Finalize all parts of paper

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Publishing

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Submitting and seeking advice

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1. Personal experience

2. Discussing with fam. Friends or teachers

3. Free writing

4. Listing

5. Webbing or clustering

6. Asking questions

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Strategies of generating ideas

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Personal experience

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Use of personal stories and experience, interest

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Discussing with fam, teachers or friends

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Refers ti finding a subject by talking or having discourses eith parents sibling relatives friends or teachers

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Discussing with fam, teachers or friends

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Refers ti finding a subject by talking or having discourses eith parents sibling relatives friends or teachers

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Free writing

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Refers to writing continuously without giving attention to technicalities.

Purpose is to free from writer's block

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Listing

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Listing down key terms related to your interest of study

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Webbing or clustering

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Refers to creating web or cluster of ideas around a primary data

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Asking questions

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Refers to askign questions focusing attention to the main issue related to the topic

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1. To avoid plagiarism

2. To make paper more scholarly

3. To help target audience identify orig source

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Reason why proper documentation is important

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APA

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Used for psych, educ, nursign, HRM, business, economics, and other social sciences

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MLA

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Literature, arts and humanities

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IEEE - Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers

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Engineering

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AMA - American Medical Association

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Medicine, health sciences and other natural sciences

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Chicago Manual of Style

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Reference books. Non acad periodical, newspaper, magazine and journal

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Research paper or documented essay

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A piece of writing in which you incorporate information - - facts arguments and opinion - - taken froj the writings of authorities in a particular field

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Well told story

Vivid details

Clear significance

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Basic features of lit narrative

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1. Summary of text

2. Attention to context

3. Clear interpretation

4. Support for conclusion

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Basic features of article/book review

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1. Clear and arguable position

2. Background info

3. Good reason

4. Convinc8nf advice

5. Appeals to reader

6. Trustworthy tone

7. Consideration of other positions

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Position paper

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1 summary of basic info

2. Objective description

3. Brevity

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Basic features abstrac5

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1. Explicit title

2. Abstract

3. Purpose

4. Method

5. Appropriate format

6. Result

7. Discussion

8. Reference

9. Appendices

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Lab report