Psych Test Bank 1 Chapter 3

Front 1

The school of thought in psychology that systematically turned away from the study of consciousness during the first half of the last century was

A) behaviorism.

B) psychoanalysis.

C) humanistic psychology.

D) evolutionary psychology.

Back 1

A) behaviorism.

Front 2

Since 1960, psychology has regained an interest in consciousness as psychologists of all persuasions affirmed the importance of

A) circadian rhythms.

B) choice blindness.

C) neuroadaptation.

D) cognition.

Back 2

D) cognition.

Front 3

Consciousness is

A) the ability to solve problems, reason, and remember.
B) the process of organizing and interpreting sensory information.
C) effortless encoding of incidental information into memory.
D) our awareness of ourselves and our environment.

Back 3

D) our awareness of ourselves and our environment.

Front 4

The simultaneous processing of information at both conscious and unconscious levels is called

A) the cocktail party effect.

B) the pop-out phenomenon.

C) dual processing.

D) neuroadaptation

Back 4

C) dual processing.

Front 5

Although we may be unaware of our gender prejudices, they often influence the way we consciously perceive males and females. This best illustrates

A) the hollow face illusion.

B) dual processing.

C) the pop-out phenomenon.

D) the cocktail party effect.

Back 5

B) dual processing.

Front 6

Our inability to consciously process all the sensory information available to us at any single point in time best illustratesthe necessity of

A) circadian rhythms.

B) selective attention.

C) REM rebound.

D) hypnagogic sensations.

Back 6

B) selective attention.

Front 7

While reading a novel, Raoul isn't easily distracted by the sounds of the TV or even by his brothers' loud arguments. This best illustrates

A) latent content.

B) neuroadaptation.

C) choice blindness.

D) selective attention.

Back 7

D) selective attention.

Front 8

The cocktail party effect provides an example of

A) neuroadaptation.

B) REM rebound.

C) selective attention.

D) circadian rhythms.

Back 8

C) selective attention.

Front 9

In one experiment, most of the participants who viewed a videotape of men tossing a basketball remained unaware of an umbrella-toting woman sauntering across the screen. This illustrated

A) REM rebound.

B) inattentional blindness.

C) dissociation.

D) latent content.

Back 9

B) inattentional blindness.

Front 10

Christy failed to notice that she received her ice cream in a sugar cone rather than a waffle cone as she had requested. She later indicated to another customer that she preferred sugar cones over waffle cones. Christy's behavior most clearly illustrates

A) age regression.

B) neuroadaptation.

C) choice blindness.

D) the pop-out phenomenon.

Back 10

C) choice blindness.

Front 11

Circadian rhythm refers to

A) the pattern of emotional ups and downs we routinely experience.
B) a pattern of biological functioning that occurs on a roughly 24 hour cycle.
C) the experience of sleep apnea following an extensive transoceanic flight.
D) the cycle of five distinct stages that we experience during a normal night's sleep.

Back 11

B) a pattern of biological functioning that occurs on a roughly 24 hour cycle.

Front 12

With the approach of night, our body temperatures begin to drop. This best illustrates the dynamics of the

A) hypnagogic state.

B) circadian rhythm.

C) alpha wave pattern.

D) REM rebound.

Back 12

B) circadian rhythm.

Front 13

After flying from California to New York, Arthur experienced a restless, sleepless night. His problem was most likely caused by a disruption of his normal

A) change blindness.

B) circadian rhythm.

C) hypnagogic sensations.

D) alpha wave patterns.

Back 13

B) circadian rhythm.

Front 14

Fast and jerky movements of the eyes are especially likely to be associated with

A) sleep spindles.

B) dissociation.

C) REM sleep.

D) sleep apnea.

Back 14

C) REM sleep.

Front 15

A periodic, natural, reversible loss of consciousness that involves five distinct stages is known as

A) the circadian rhythm.

B) narcolepsy.

C) dissociation.

D) sleep.

Back 15

D) sleep.

Front 16

Sensory experiences that occur without a sensory stimulus are called

A) night terrors.

B) neuroadaptations.

C) dissociations.

D) hallucinations.

Back 16

D) hallucinations.

Front 17

During the course of a full night’s sleep, people are most likely to spend more time in

A) Stage 4 sleep than in Stage 2 sleep.

B) REM sleep than in Stage 4 sleep.

C) Stage 3 sleep than in REM sleep.

D) REM sleep than in Stage 2 sleep.

Back 17

B) REM sleep than in Stage 4 sleep.

Front 18

Genital arousal is most likely to be associated with

A) sleep apnea.

B) REM sleep.

C) Stage 4 sleep.

D) sleep spindles.

Back 18

B) REM sleep.

Front 19

Three hours after going to sleep, Shoshanna's heart rate increases, her breathing becomes more rapid, and her eyes move rapidly under her closed lids. Research suggests that Shoshanna is

A) dreaming.

B) ready to sleepwalk.

C) exhibiting a sleep spindle.

D) experiencing a night terror.

Back 19

A) dreaming.

Front 20

The human sleep cycle repeats itself about every

A) 30 minutes.

B) 90 minutes.

C) 2 1/2 hours.

D) 4 hours.

Back 20

B) 90 minutes.

Front 21

Sleep deprivation has been shown to

A) increase attentiveness to highly motivating tasks.

B) reduce hypertension.

C) diminish immunity to disease.

D) decrease narcolepsy.

Back 21

C) diminish immunity to disease.

Front 22

REM sleep is

A) inhibited by alcohol and inhibited by sleeping pills.
B) facilitated by alcohol and inhibited by sleeping pills.
C) inhibited by alcohol and facilitated by sleeping pills.
D) facilitated by alcohol and facilitated by sleeping pills.

Back 22

B) facilitated by alcohol and inhibited by sleeping pills.

Front 23

Which of the following is bad advice for a person trying to overcome insomnia?

A) Drink a glass of milk 15 minutes before bedtime.
B) Avoid taking short naps during the day.
C) Drink a glass of wine 15 minutes before bedtime.
D) Don't engage in strenuous physical exercise just before bedtime.

Back 23

C) Drink a glass of wine 15 minutes before bedtime.

Front 24

Narcolepsy is a disorder involving

A) the temporary cessation of breathing during sleep.
B) sudden uncontrollable seizures.
C) periodic uncontrollable attacks of overwhelming sleepiness.
D) difficulty falling and staying asleep.

Back 24

C) periodic uncontrollable attacks of overwhelming sleepiness.

Front 25

Which of the following disorders is characterized by the temporary cessations of breathing while asleep?

A) narcolepsy

B) sleep apnea

C) night terrors

D) insomnia

Back 25

B) sleep apnea

Front 26

Mr. Oates always sleeps restlessly, snorting and gasping throughout the night. It is most likely that Mr. Oates suffers from

A) sleep apnea.

B) narcolepsy.

C) night terrors.

D) insomnia.

Back 26

A) sleep apnea.

Front 27

Night terrors typically occur

A) among older adults.

B) during REM sleep.

C) following sleep apnea.

D) within three hours of falling asleep.

Back 27

D) within three hours of falling asleep.

Front 28

Compared to adults, children are

A) more likely to experience night terrors and less likely to experience sleepwalking.
B) less likely to experience night terrors and more likely to experience sleepwalking.
C) less likely to experience night terrors and less likely to experience sleepwalking.
D) more likely to experience night terrors and more likely to experience sleepwalking.

Back 28

D) more likely to experience night terrors and more likely to experience sleepwalking.

Front 29

As Inge recalled her dream, she was dancing with a tall, dark, and handsome gentleman when suddenly the music shifted to loud rock and the man disappeared. According to Freud, Inge's account represents the ________ content of her dream.

A) paradoxical

B) manifest

C) latent

D) hypnagogic

Back 29

B) manifest

Front 30

While soundly asleep people cannot

A) talk and dream at the same time.
B) incorporate environmental changes into the content of their dreams.
C) learn tape-recorded messages to which they are repeatedly exposed.
D) do any of these things.

Back 30

C) learn tape-recorded messages to which they are repeatedly exposed.

Front 31

Brain regions that buzz with activity as people learn to perform a visual-discrimination task are especially likely to buzz again later as they experience

A) hypnagogic sensations.

B) neuroadaptation.

C) sleep apnea.

D) REM sleep.

Back 31

D) REM sleep.

Front 32

According to Freud, the latent content of a dream refers to

A) its accompanying brain-wave pattern.
B) the previous day's events that prompted the dream.
C) the sensory stimuli in the sleeping environment that are incorporated into the dream.
D) its underlying but censored meaning.

Back 32

D) its underlying but censored meaning.

Front 33

Greg remembered a recent dream in which his girlfriend suddenly grabbed the wheel of his speeding car. Greg's therapist suggested that the dream might be a representation of the girlfriend's efforts to avoid sexual intimacy. According to Freud, the therapist was attempting to reveal the ________ of Greg's dream.

A) neuroadaptation

B) circadian rhythm

C) latent content

D) manifest content

Back 33

C) latent content

Front 34

According to Freud, the dreams of adults can be traced back to

A) erotic wishes.

B) stressful life events.

C) physiological needs for brain stimulation.

D) random bursts of neural activity.

Back 34

A) erotic wishes.

Front 35

Which theory suggests that dreams are mental responses to random bursts of neural stimulation?

A) dissociation theory

B) social influence theory

C) activation-synthesis theory

D) Freud's dream theory

Back 35

C) activation-synthesis theory

Front 36

Prior to age 9, children's dreams seem more like a slide show and less like an active story in which the dreamer is an actor. This best illustrates that the content of dreams reflects children's

A) latent content.

B) change blindness.

C) night terrors.

D) cognitive development.

Back 36

D) cognitive development.

Front 37

REM rebound involves the

A) tendency for REM sleep periods to become increasingly longer and more frequent as a normal night of sleep progresses.

B) increase in REM sleep that characteristically follows intense learning episodes or stressful daytime experiences.
C) unusual symptoms of tiredness and irritability that follow periods of REM sleep deprivation.
D) tendency for REM sleep to increase following REM sleep deprivation.

Back 37

D) tendency for REM sleep to increase following REM sleep deprivation.

Front 38

Hypnosis involves a state of

A) increased physical stamina.

B) heightened openness to suggestion.

C) improved perceptual skills.

D) elevated autonomic arousal.

Back 38

B) heightened openness to suggestion.

Front 39

Research on susceptibility to hypnosis indicates that

A) very few people can actually be hypnotized.
B) people who are most easily hypnotized usually have difficulty paying attention to their own personal thoughts and feelings.
C) how well a person responds to hypnotic suggestion depends primarily on the skill and experience of the hypnotist.
D) people who are highly responsive to hypnotic suggestion tend to become absorbed in the imaginary events of a novel or a movie.

Back 39

D) people who are highly responsive to hypnotic suggestion tend to become absorbed in the imaginary events of a novel or a movie.

Front 40

A stage hypnotist can best increase the hypnotizability of select audience members by first providing them with a

A) memory quiz that encourages them to recall their own early life experiences.
B) strong expectation that they will be hypnotically responsive.
C) caffeinated beverage that temporarily boosts mental alertness.
D) simple promise that they will not be publicly humiliated.

Back 40

B) strong expectation that they will be hypnotically responsive.