Psych Test Bank 1 Chapter 13

Front 1

An individual's characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting is his or her

A) self-esteem.

B) personality.

C) reality principle.

D) hierarchy of needs.

Back 1

B) personality.

Front 2

Mary enjoys socializing with friends and talking with them on her cellphone. Eileen prefers quiet times by herself when she can reflect on her own thoughts. The characteristics of Mary and Eileen indicate that each has a distinctive

A) fixation.

B) personality.

C) attributional style.

D) collective unconscious.

Back 2

B) personality.

Front 3

Free association is central to the process of

A) factor analysis.

B) self-serving bias.

C) psychoanalysis.

D) reciprocal determinism.

Back 3

C) psychoanalysis.

Front 4

According to Freud, the unconscious is

A) the part of personality that cannot process information.
B) the thoughts, wishes, feelings, and memories, of which we are largely unaware.
C) a set of universal concepts acquired by all humans from our common past.
D) a reservoir of deeply repressed memories that does not affect behavior.

Back 4

B) the thoughts, wishes, feelings, and memories, of which we are largely unaware.

Front 5

Which of the following techniques did Freud use to discover the latent content of his patients' dreams?

A) fixation

B) factor analysis

C) projective testing

D) free association

Back 5

D) free association

Front 6

According to psychoanalytic theory, the part of the personality that strives for immediate gratification of basic drives is the

A) id.

B) ego.

C) superego.

D) erogenous zones.

Back 6

A) id.

Front 7

When 2-year-old Matthew was told he would get no dessert until he finished the food on his plate, he threw his plate on the floor in a temper tantrum. Freud would have suggested that Matthew was unable to resist the demands of his

A) superego.

B) ego.

C) id.

D) Oedipus complex

Back 7

C) id.

Front 8

According to Freud, the part of personality that represents our sense of right and wrong and our ideal standards is the

A) Oedipus complex.

B) ego.

C) id.

D) superego.

Back 8

D) superego.

Front 9

Janine is repulsed by the thought of watching a pornographic video. Freud would have attributed these feelings to Janine's

A) ego.

B) id.

C) superego.

D) inferiority complex.

Back 9

C) superego.

Front 10

According to Freud, boys are most likely to experience the Oedipus complex during the ________ stage.

A) anal

B) phallic

C) oral

D) latency

Back 10

B) phallic

Front 11

The Oedipus complex is the term used by Freud to describe

A) the erogenous zones that are the focus of the latency stage.
B) the passive dependence of someone who is orally fixated.
C) children's efforts to overcome feelings of inferiority.
D) boys' feelings of guilt and fear of punishment over their sexual desire for their mother.

Back 11

D) boys' feelings of guilt and fear of punishment over their sexual desire for their mother.

Front 12

Four-year-old Timmy had not wet his bed for over a year. However, he started bed-wetting again soon after his sister was born. Timmy's behavior best illustrates

A) reaction formation.

B) projection.

C) regression.

D) denial.

Back 12

C) regression.

Front 13

The defense mechanism by which people disguise threatening impulses by attributing them to others is called

A) projection.

B) displacement.

C) fixation.

D) reaction formation

Back 13

A) projection.

Front 14

The defense mechanism in which self-justifying explanations replace the real, unconscious reasons for actions is

A) projection.

B) denial.

C) rationalization.

D) displacement.

Back 14

C) rationalization.

Front 15

A refusal to believe direct and highly credible evidence that your spouse is suffering a terminal illness best illustrates

A) denial.

B) displacement.

C) fixation.

D) projection

Back 15

A) denial.

Front 16

The famous test introduced by Hermann Rorschach asks test-takers to respond to

A) frightening pictures.

B) ambiguous stories.

C) meaningless inkblots.

D) incomplete sentences

Back 16

C) meaningless inkblots.

Front 17

Survivors' vivid memories of Nazi death camp experiences most clearly challenge Freud's concept of

A) fixation.

B) repression.

C) the Oedipus complex.

D) motivational conflict.

Back 17

B) repression

Front 18

The humanistic perspective emphasized the importance of

A) projective tests.

B) self-determination.

C) reciprocal determinism.

D) factor analysis

Back 18

B) self-determination.

Front 19

Abraham Maslow suggested that those who fulfill their potential have satisfied the need for

A) reciprocal determinism.
B) an external locus of control.

C) self-actualization.

D) unconditional positive regard

Back 19

C) self-actualization.

Front 20

Carl Rogers referred to an attitude of total acceptance toward another person as

A) the spotlight effect.

B) unconditional positive regard.

C) self-actualization.

D) free association.

Back 20

B) unconditional positive regard.

Front 21

Which of the following have been criticized the most for offering concepts that are vague and subjective?

A) trait theorists

B) humanistic theorists

C) social-cognitive theorists

D) terror-management theorists

Back 21

B) humanistic theorists

Front 22

Humanistic theorists have been criticized for

A) overestimating the impact of childhood experiences on adult personality.
B) underestimating the inconsistency of behavior from one situation to another.
C) overestimating the degree of similarity among people.
D) underestimating the inherent human capacity for destructive and evil behaviors.

Back 22

D) underestimating the inherent human capacity for destructive and evil behaviors.

Front 23

Characteristic patterns of behavior and conscious motives are called

A) manifest content.

B) fixations.

C) projections.

D) traits

Back 23

D) traits

Front 24

Personality inventories are designed to assess several ________ at once.

A) possible selves

B) defense mechanisms

C) attributional styles

D) traits

Back 24

D) traits

Front 25

The tendency to accept favorable descriptions of one's personality that could really be applied to almost anyone is known as

A) the Barnum effect.

B) projection.

C) the spotlight effect.

D) unconditional positive regard.

Back 25

A) the Barnum effect.

Front 26

The Big Five trait dimensions were identified by means of

A) the MMPI.

B) free association.

C) projective tests.

D) factor analysis.

Back 26

D) factor analysis.

Front 27

A person who is careless and disorganized most clearly ranks low on the Big Five trait dimension of

A) neuroticism.

B) extraversion.

C) openness.

D) conscientiousness.

Back 27

D) conscientiousness.

Front 28

Because Mr. Maloney trusts his employees, he treats them kindly. His kindness leads them to work diligently on his behalf, which in turn increases his trust in them. This pattern of trust, kindness, diligence, and increasing trust illustrates what is meant by

A) reaction formation.

B) the spotlight effect.

C) external locus of control.

D) reciprocal determinism.

Back 28

D) reciprocal determinism.

Front 29

The perception that your fate is determined by luck reflects

A) reciprocal determinism.

B) selfserving bias.

C) an external locus of control.

D) the spotlight effect

Back 29

C) an external locus of control.

Front 30

Emma believes that she will succeed in business if she works hard and carefully manages her time. Her belief most clearly illustrates

A) reciprocal determinism.
B) unconditional positive regard.

C) reaction formation.

D) an internal locus of control.

Back 30

D) an internal locus of control.

Front 31

Dogs strapped into a harness and given repeated and unavoidable shocks developed

A) a fixation.

B) a reaction formation.

C) learned helplessness.

D) the false consensus effect.

Back 31

C) learned helplessness.

Front 32

The body's disease-fighting immune system is most likely to be dampened by

A) an internal locus of control.
B) the false consensus effect.

C) self-serving bias.

D) a pessimistic attributional style.

Back 32

D) a pessimistic attributional style.

Front 33

Martin Seligman's positive psychology differs from the humanistic perspective in that it

A) denies humankind's capacity for evil.
B) focuses more on a person's defense mechanisms.

C) emphasizes the use of scientific methods.

D) has less application to educational settings

Back 33

A) denies humankind's capacity for evil.

Front 34

Contemporary psychologists are most likely to consider ________ to be of pivotal importance to personality.

A) the superego

B) unconditional positive regard

C) the sense of self

D) the collective unconscious

Back 34

C) the sense of self

Front 35

Overestimating the extent to which others notice and evaluate our appearance and performance is called

A) external locus of control.

B) self-serving bias.

C) the spotlight effect.

D) fixation.

Back 35

C) the spotlight effect.

Front 36

Jacinda failed her last history midterm. Which of the following conclusions would be most representative of a self-serving bias on Jacinda's part?

A) “I really didn't prepare well enough for that test.”
B) “I wasn't concentrating as hard as I should have during the test.”
C) “I lack ability in history.”
D) “I think the test questions were ambiguous and confusing.”

Back 36

D) “I think the test questions were ambiguous and confusing.”

Front 37

Accepting ourselves without undue dependence on the approval of others best illustrates

A) reciprocal determinism.

B) free association.

C) positive psychology.

D) secure self-esteem.

Back 37

D) secure self-esteem.