Psych Test Bank 1 Chapter 2

Front 1

Phrenology highlighted the presumed functions of

A) specific brain regions.

B) synaptic gaps.

C) endorphins.

D) the myelin sheath.

Back 1

A) specific brain regions.

Front 2

Dr. Wolski does research on the potential relationship between neurotransmitter deficiencies and mood states. Which psychological specialty does Dr. Wolski's research best represent?

A) phrenology

B) biological psychology

C) psychoanalysis

D) social psychology

Back 2

B) biological psychology

Front 3

To fully appreciate the interaction of neural activity, mental processes, and the functioning of human communities, it is most necessary to recognize that people are

A) consciously aware.

B) morally accountable.

C) biopsychosocial systems.

D) products of multiple neural networks.

Back 3

C) biopsychosocial systems.

Front 4

Some neurons enable you to grasp objects by relaying outgoing messages to the muscles in your arms and hands. These neurons are called

A) glial cells.

B) sensory neurons.

C) neural prosthetics.

D) motor neurons.

Back 4

D) motor neurons.

Front 5

Dendrites are branching extensions of

A) neurotransmitters.

B) endorphins.

C) neurons.

D) glial cells.

Back 5

C) neurons.

Front 6

The function of dendrites is to

A) receive incoming signals from other neurons.
B) release neurotransmitters into the spatial junctions between neurons.
C) coordinate the activation of the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems.
D) control pain through the release of opiate-like chemicals into the brain.

Back 6

A) receive incoming signals from other neurons.

Front 7

An axon is

A) a cell that serves as the basic building block of the nervous system.
B) a layer of fatty tissue that encases the fibers of many neurons.
C) an antagonist molecule that blocks neurotransmitter receptor sites.
D) the extension of a neuron that carries messages away from the cell body.

Back 7

D) the extension of a neuron that carries messages away from the cell body.

Front 8

The speed at which a neural impulse travels is increased when the axon is encased by a(n)

A) association area.

B) myelin sheath.

C) glial cell.

D) synaptic vesicle.

Back 8

B) myelin sheath.

Front 9

Increasing excitatory signals above the threshold for neural activation will not affect the intensity of an action potential. This indicates that a neuron's reaction is

A) inhibited by the myelin sheath.

B) delayed by the refractory period.

C) an all-or-none response.

D) dependent on neurotransmitter molecules.

Back 9

C) an all-or-none response.

Front 10

A synapse is a(n)

A) chemical messenger that triggers muscle contractions.
B) automatic response to sensory input.
C) junction between a sending neuron and a receiving neuron.
D) neural cable containing many axons.

Back 10

C) junction between a sending neuron and a receiving neuron.

Front 11

The chemical messengers released into the spatial junctions between neurons are called

A) hormones.

B) neurotransmitters.

C) synapses.

D) genes.

Back 11

B) neurotransmitters.

Front 12

Reuptake refers to the

A) movement of neurotransmitter molecules across a synaptic gap.
B) release of hormones into the bloodstream.
C) inflow of positively charged ions through an axon membrane.
D) reabsorption of excess neurotransmitter molecules by a sending neuron.

Back 12

D) reabsorption of excess neurotransmitter molecules by a sending neuron.

Front 13

José has just played a long, bruising football game but feels little fatigue or discomfort. His lack of pain is most likely caused by the release of

A) glutamate.

B) dopamine.

C) acetylcholine.

D) endorphins.

Back 13

D) endorphins.

Front 14

The two major divisions of the nervous system are the central and the ________ nervous systems.

A) autonomic

B) sympathetic

C) somatic

D) peripheral

Back 14

D) peripheral

Front 15

The central nervous system consists of

A) sensory and motor neurons.

B) somatic and autonomic systems.

C) the brain and the spinal cord.

D) sympathetic and parasympathetic branches.

Back 15

C) the brain and the spinal cord.

Front 16

The part of the peripheral nervous system that controls the glands and the muscles of the internal organs is called the

A) somatic nervous system.

B) reticular formation.

C) limbic system.

D) autonomic nervous system.

Back 16

D) autonomic nervous system.

Front 17

You come home one night to find a burglar in your house. Your heart starts racing and you begin to perspire. These physical reactions are triggered by the

A) somatic nervous system.

B) sympathetic nervous system.

C) parasympathetic nervous system.

D) sensory cortex.

Back 17

B) sympathetic nervous system.

Front 18

The strengthening of synaptic connections facilitates the formation of

A) interneurons.

B) endorphins.

C) neural networks.

D) glial cells.

Back 18

C) neural networks.

Front 19

A simple, automatic, inborn response to a sensory stimulus is called a(n)

A) neural network.

B) action potential.

C) neurotransmitter.

D) reflex.

Back 19

D) reflex.

Front 20

Hormones are the chemical messengers of the

A) autonomic nervous system.

B) endocrine system.

C) limbic system.

D) reticular formation.

Back 20

B) endocrine system.

Front 21

The ovaries in females and the testes in males are part of the

A) limbic system.

B) endocrine system.

C) sympathetic nervous system.

D) central nervous system.

Back 21

B) endocrine system.

Front 22

Surgical destruction of brain tissue is called a(n)

A) EEG.

B) synapse.

C) lesion.

D) MRI.

Back 22

C) lesion.

Front 23

An amplified recording of the waves of electrical activity that sweep across the surface of the brain is called a(n)

A) fMRI.

B) EEG.

C) PET scan.

D) MRI.

Back 23

B) EEG.

Front 24

To identify which specific brain areas are most active during a particular mental task, researchers would be most likely to make use of a(n)

A) fMRI.

B) hemispherectomy.

C) ACh agonist.

D) brain lesion.

Back 24

A) fMRI.

Front 25

To demonstrate that brain stimulation can make a rat violently aggressive, a neuroscientist should electrically stimulate the rat's

A) reticular formation.

B) cerebellum.

C) medulla.

D) amygdala.

Back 25

D) amygdala.

Front 26

The cerebral cortex is the covering layer of the

A) brainstem.

B) corpus callosum.

C) amygdala.

D) cerebrum.

Back 26

D) cerebrum.

Front 27

Your conscious awareness of your own name and self-identity depends primarily on the normal functioning of your

A) cerebellum.

B) amygdala.

C) hypothalamus.

D) cerebral cortex.

Back 27

D) cerebral cortex.

Front 28

The surgical removal of a large tumor from Dane's occipital lobe resulted in extensive loss of brain tissue. Dane is most likely to suffer some loss of

A) muscular coordination.

B) visual perception.

C) speaking ability.

D) pain sensations.

Back 28

B) visual perception.

Front 29

The sensory cortex is most critical for our sense of

A) sight.

B) hearing.

C) touch.

D) smell.

Back 29

C) touch.

Front 30

People's moral judgments are most likely to seem unrestrained by normal emotions if they have suffered damage to their

A) cerebellum.

B) sensory cortex.

C) corpus callosum.

D) frontal cortex.

Back 30

D) frontal cortex.

Front 31

The capacity of one brain area to take over the functions of another damaged brain area is known as brain

A) tomography.

B) phrenology.

C) resonance.

D) plasticity.

Back 31

D) plasticity.

Front 32

The visual cortex is activated when blind people read Braille. This best illustrates

A) plasticity.

B) neural prosthetics.

C) hemispherectomy.

D) phrenology.

Back 32

A) plasticity.

Front 33

The corpus callosum is a wide band of axon fibers that

A) enables the left hemisphere to control the right side of the body.
B) transmits information between the cerebral hemispheres.
C) controls the glands and muscles of the internal organs.
D) directs the muscle movements involved in speech.

Back 33

B) transmits information between the cerebral hemispheres.

Front 34

Those whose corpus callosum is surgically severed are said to be patients with

A) brain plasticity.

B) phrenology.

C) neurogenesis.

D) split brains.

Back 34

D) split brains.

Front 35

Neurosurgeons have severed the corpus callosum in human patients in order to reduce

A) Alzheimer's disease.

B) epileptic seizures.

C) neural plasticity.

D) reward deficiency syndrome.

Back 35

B) epileptic seizures.

Front 36

A picture of a dog is briefly flashed in the left visual field of a split-brain patient. At the same time a picture of a boy is flashed in the right visual field. In identifying what she saw, the patient would be most likely to

A) use her left hand to point to a picture of a dog.

B) verbally report that she saw a dog.

C) use her left hand to point to a picture of a boy.

D) verbally report that she saw a boy.

Back 36

D) verbally report that she saw a boy.

Front 37

Compared with right-handers, left-handers are

A) more likely to experience migraine headaches and less likely to suffer from allergies.
B) less likely to experience migraine headaches and more likely to suffer from allergies.
C) more likely to experience migraine headaches and more likely to suffer from allergies.
D) less likely to experience migraine headaches and less likely to suffer from allergies.

Back 37

C) more likely to experience migraine headaches and more likely to suffer from allergies.