Mccurdy Us History Ch. 15 The Great Depression

Front 1

In the 1920 Stock prices rose and the economy appeared _______.

Back 1

healthy

Front 2

Throughout most of the 1920s, Americans were generally confident that business would bring about continued ______.

Back 2

prosperity

Front 3

One sign that the economy might be weakening in the 1920s was the uneven distribution of national _____.

Back 3

wealth

Front 4

Periods in which the economy grows, then contracts.

Back 4

business cycle

Front 5

Information about stock prices is reflected in the ___.

Back 5

Dow Jones Industrial Average

Front 6

When stock prices fell suddenly in 1929 most investors raced to ______.

Back 6

sell their stocks

Front 7

When the Dow Jones Industrial Average began to drop sharply in late October 1929, investors raced to get their money ________.

Back 7

out of the stock market

Front 8

In the fall of 1929, a sudden fall in stock prices resulted in a wave of _______.

Back 8

panic selling of stocks

Front 9

October the twenty-ninth, 1929

Back 9

Black Tuesday

Front 10

A record 16.4 million shares of stock were sold.

Back 10

Black Tuesday

Front 11

Despite efforts to halt it, IT continued beyond Black Tuesday.

Back 11

Great Stock Market Crash

Front 12

During the 1920s banks loaned huge sums of money to ________.

Back 12

high risk businesses

Front 13

When their stock prices fell high risk businesses were unable to repay their loans to _____.

Back 13

banks

Front 14

When people borrowed money to pay for high cost consumer items.

Back 14

consumer borrowing

Front 15

When banks called in loans borrowers were often unable to ______.

Back 15

pay

Front 16

Fearful that banks would run out of money people rushed to make _____.

Back 16

withdrawals

Front 17

With businesses and consumers unable to repay their loans banks were thus unable to pay their _________.

Back 17

depositors

Front 18

After the Crash, thousands of American banks closed, because they could not ________.

Back 18

return depositors' money

Front 19

When banks failed millions of Americans lost their ____.

Back 19

savings

Front 20

Bank failures resulted in businesses not being able to borrow money to______.

Back 20

produce goods

Front 21

Because people did not have the money to buy goods businesses lacked the ________.

Back 21

incentive to produce goods

Front 22

As businesses cut back on production, they laid off workers and _________.

Back 22

unemployment grew

Front 23

As unemployment grew and incomes shrank, consumers spent even less, resulting in more production cuts in a _______.

Back 23

downward spiral

Front 24

Not long after Black Tuesday, the stock market crash was affecting millions of Americans many of whom had never _________.

Back 24

owned stock

Front 25

The Crash led to unemployment for ________.

Back 25

millions of workers

Front 26

The collapse of the American economic system led to a __________,

Back 26

worldwide depression

Front 27

European economies were hurt during the Depression when U.S. companies stopped investing in ______.

Back 27

Germany

Front 28

One sign that economy of the 1920s was unsound was that more goods were being produced than ________.

Back 28

consumers could buy

Front 29

One of the underlying causes of the Great Depression was the United States' ______.

Back 29

unstable economy

Front 30

During the Depression, wage cuts and unemployment eventually affected _________.

Back 30

all levels of society

Front 31

Those hit hardest by the Depression were the ____.

Back 31

low-paid laborers

Front 32

Many farms were auctioned off when farmers could not pay their ________.

Back 32

mortgages

Front 33

Loan given on the security of the borrower's property.

Back 33

mortgage

Front 34

When a laid off worker could not pay their mortgage they would often lose their ___.

Back 34

home

Front 35

Homelessness increased mainly because THEY lost their homes.

Back 35

laid-off workers

Front 36

During the Depression, homeless people set up _____.

Back 36

Hoovervilles

Front 37

Shanty towns built by the homeless during the Great Depression.

Back 37

Hooverville

Front 38

They sprang up in the nation's cities as a result of wage cuts and the unemployment of the 1930s.

Back 38

Hoovervilles

Front 39

In spite of the apparent prosperity of the 1920s farmers faced _________.

Back 39

hard times

Front 40

A major environmental crisis of the 1930s was known as the ________.

Back 40

Dust Bowl

Front 41

A parched region of the Great Plains, including parts of Oklahoma, Arkansas, and Texas, where a combination of drought and soil erosion created enormous dust storms in the 1930s.

Back 41

Dust Bowl

Front 42

During the Depression people's physical and mental health declined as a result of a ____.

Back 42

poor diet and anxiety

Front 43

During the Depression, African Americans, Hispanics, and Asian Americans often lost jobs to _______.

Back 43

white laborers

Front 44

Experienced worsening conditions during the depression and discrimination in job and relief programs.

Back 44

African Americans

Front 45

During the Depression, many members of minority groups lost their low-paying jobs to ___.

Back 45

whites

Front 46

During the Depression working women were often accused of ________.

Back 46

taking jobs away from men

Front 47

Photographer who showed the realities of the Depression to the nation.

Back 47

Dorothea Lange

Front 48

Her photographs of migrant workers helped win aid for the workers.

Back 48

Dorothea Lange

Front 49

The "Depression generation" avoided buying expensive items ______.

Back 49

on credit

Front 50

When a foreclosed farm was auctioned some people agreed to keep ______.

Back 50

bids low

Front 51

This party gained some support during the depression as a result of the terrible conditions.

Back 51

Socialist

Front 52

During the Depression radical and reform movements often worked together to seek ________.

Back 52

social justice

Front 53

During the Depression many people used IT to fight despair.

Back 53

humor

Front 54

Repeal of Prohibition

Back 54

Twenty-first Amendment

Front 55

Ratified in 1933, repealed the ban on alcoholic beverages.

Back 55

Twenty-first Amendment

Front 56

In 1933, the Twenty-first Amendment brought an end to ______.

Back 56

Prohibition

Front 57

One goal of those who worked to repeal Prohibition was to curb ______.

Back 57

gangsters

Front 58

Dramatic symbol of hope during the Depression.

Back 58

Empire State building

Front 59

Symbol of business in the 1920s who became labor's prime enemy in the 1930s.

Back 59

Henry Ford

Front 60

President Hoover believed that the best strategy for ending the Depression was encouraging _________.

Back 60

voluntary controls of the business sector

Front 61

Hoover believed that the best way to end the Depression was through controls by American businesses that were ________.

Back 61

voluntary

Front 62

Hoover believed that if people became dependent upon the government they would lose their _____.

Back 62

freedom

Front 63

Because Hoover believed business controls should be voluntary and because he believed government aid could eliminate people's freedom he refused to do much to eliminate the ______,

Back 63

pain of the Depression

Front 64

The widespread pain of the Depression, and democratic gains in congress, eventually forced Hoover to ____

Back 64

act

Front 65

1930 import tax, the highest in history.

Back 65

Hawley-Smoot tariff

Front 66

In 1930, Congress passed the IT to protect domestic industries from foreign imports.

Back 66

Hawley-Smoot tariff

Front 67

The Hawley-Smoot tariff backfired when, European countries raised their own tariffs, bringing a sudden slowdown in ______.

Back 67

international trade

Front 68

Was aimed to provide government credit to banks and other large industries.

Back 68

Reconstruction Finance Corporation

Front 69

The Reconstruction Finance Corporation reflected the theory (held by Hoover and others) that prosperity at the top would help the economy as a _____.

Back 69

whole

Front 70

The Hawley-Smoot tariff and the Reconstruction Finance Corporation were attempt to alleviate the pain of the Depression made during the ____.

Back 70

Hoover Administration

Front 71

World War I veterans who marched on Washington demanding immediate payment of a pension bonus that had been promised for 1945.

Back 71

Bonus Army

Front 72

President Hoover ordered General Douglas MacArthur to clear only Pennsylvania Avenue of the _____.

Back 72

Bonus Army

Front 73

Ordered force to be used against the Bonus Army to drive it out of Washington.

Back 73

Douglass MacArthur

Front 74

General MacArthur used force to get them to leave the capital.

Back 74

the Bonus Army

Front 75

As governor of New York worked vigorously for relief for the jobless.

Back 75

Franklin Delano Roosevelt

Front 76

President who promised the nation a "New Deal."

Back 76

Franklin Delano Roosevelt

Front 77

This Presidential candidates spirit of optimism appealed to Americans.

Back 77

Franklin Delano Roosevelt

Front 78

Roosevelt easily won the 1932 presidential election by promising a _______.

Back 78

New Deal for Americans

Front 79

Economist who believed that massive government spending programs could revive a failing economy.

Back 79

John Maynard Keynes

Front 80

The 1932 presidential election served as a turning point in the way Americans viewed the responsibilities of the ___.

Back 80

federal government

Front 81

A fundamental disagreement between the candidates in the 1932 presidential election concerned whether or not the federal government should try to fix __________.

Back 81

people's problems

Front 82

A turning point in the role of government in American society.

Back 82

Presidential election of 1932

Front 83

Wife of the President and experienced social reformer.

Back 83

Eleanor Roosevelt