Infant And Child Chapter 6

Front 1

Sensorimotor Stage

Back 1

Piaget's first stage, spanning the first two years of life, during which infants and toddlers think with their eyes, ears, hands, and other senses

Front 2

Scheme

Back 2

Piaget's theory, a specific structure or organized way of making sense of experience that changes with age

Front 3

Adaptation

Back 3

The process of building schemes through direct interaction with the environment

Front 4

Assimilation

Back 4

That part of adaptation in which the external world is interpreted in terms of current schemes

Front 5

Accommodation

Back 5

That part of adaptation in which new schemes are created and old ones adjusted to produce a better fit with the environment

Front 6

Organization

Back 6

The internal rearrangement and linking together of schemes so that they form a strongly interconnected cognitive system

Front 7

Circular Reaction

Back 7

A mean of building schemes in which infants try to repeat a chance event caused by their own motor activity

Front 8

1. Reflexive Schemes

Back 8

Newborn reflexes

Front 9

2. Primary Circular Reactions

Back 9

Simple motor habits centered around the infant's own body, limited anticipation of events

Front 10

3. Secondary Circular Reactions

Back 10

Actions aimed at repeating interesting effects in the surrounding world, imitation of familiar behaviors

Front 11

4. Coordination of Secondary Circular Interactions

Back 11

Intentional, or goal directed behavior, ability to fins a hidden object in the first location in which it is hidden, improved anticipation of events, imitation of behaviors is slightly different from those the infant usually preforms

Front 12

5. Tertiary Circular Reactions

Back 12

Exploration of the properties of objects by acting on them in novel ways, imitation of unfamiliar behaviors, ability to search in several locations for hidden objects.

Front 13

6. Mental Representation

Back 13

Internal depictions of objects and events, as indicated by sudden solutions to problems, ability to find and object that that been moved while out of sight, deferred imitation and make believe play

Front 14

Recognition

Back 14

The simplest form of memory, which involves noticing whether a new experience is identical or similar to a previous one.

Front 15

Recall

Back 15

The type of memory that involves remembering something without perceptual support.

Front 16

Perceptual Categorization

Back 16

Based on similar overall appearance or prominent objects parts - legs for animals, wheels for vehicles.

Front 17

Conceptual Categorization

Back 17

Based on common function and behavior.

Front 18

Zone of Proximal Development

Back 18

In Vygotsky's theory, a range of tasks that the child cannot yet handle alone but can accomplish with the help of more skilled partners.

Front 19

The Behaviorist Perspective of Language

Back 19

Skinner. Language is acquired through operational conditioning, learned through imitation and interaction with language speaking people around them.

Front 20

The Nativist Perspective

Back 20

Chomsky. A young child's amazing language skill is as uniquely human accomplishment etched into the structure of the brain.

Front 21

LAD

Back 21

Chomsky. An innate system that contains a universal grammar or set of rules common to all languages, that permits children to understand and speak in a rule-oriented fashion as soon as they have learned enough words.

Front 22

The Interactionist Perspective

Back 22

Emphasizes interactions between inner capacities and environmental influences, applies information processing perspective and social interaction to explain the learning of language.

Front 23

Cooing

Back 23

Pleasant vowel-like noises made by infants, beginning around 2 months of age

Front 24

Babbling

Back 24

Repetition of consonant-vowel combinations in long strings, beginning around 6 months of age.

Front 25

Joint Attention

Back 25

A state in which child and caregiver attend to same object or event and the caregiver comments about what the child sees.