Chapter 25

Front 1

Animals that maintain internal body temperature using heat generated by their own metabolism are called

Back 1

endotherms

Front 2

Thermoregulation, an important part of homeostasis, is defined as

Back 2

the maintenance of internal body temperature within narrow limits.

Front 3

Which of the following animals are endotherms?

Back 3

birds and mammals

Front 4

By definition, an ectotherm _____.

Back 4

obtain most of their heat from the environment

Front 5

Which of the following processes involves heat exchange between an animal and its environment?

Back 5

evaporation

Front 6

To enhance heat loss, humans sweat, an adaptation known as

Back 6

evaporative cooling

Front 7

The transfer of heat from arteries carrying warm blood past veins returning cooler blood is an example of

Back 7

a countercurrent heat exchanger.

Front 8

On a cold day, blood vessels in the skin _____.

Back 8

constrict, reducing heat loss from blood at the surface

Front 9

How do feathers help thermoregulation by birds?

Back 9

Feathers can trap a layer of insulating air next to the skin.

Front 10

Which of the following statements regarding saltwater fish is true?

Back 10

The concentration of solutes in the internal fluids of saltwater fish is much lower than in the surrounding water.

Front 11

To conserve precious salts, freshwater fish

Back 11

significantly dilute their urine.

Front 12

Which of the following statements regarding freshwater fish is true?

Back 12

Freshwater fish use their gills to actively take up salt ions.

Front 13

Marine animals that have body fluids with a solute concentration equal to that of the surrounding seawater are

Back 13

osmoconformers.

Front 14

Freshwater fish excrete a large amount of very dilute urine. What is the best explanation for this?

Back 14

Because they live in a hypotonic solution, their cells take up an excess of water that must be excreted.

Front 15

Which of the following statements about uric acid is true?

Back 15

Animals that excrete uric acid avoid the problem of dehydration associated with excretion of urea.

Front 16

Birds, like other animals, must eliminate ammonia or urea, and do so by converting them to

Back 16

uric acid

Front 17

The land animals that evolved from earlier aquatic forms had to change their mechanisms for excreting nitrogenous wastes because

Back 17

land animals had a more difficult time with water balance than aquatic species since water was not always available on land.

Front 18

Which of the following kinds of animals excrete their nitrogenous waste entirely as ammonia?

Back 18

fish

Front 19

Urine flows from the collecting duct into the

Back 19

renal pelvis.

Front 20

Which of the following options correctly lists the structures in the kidney in the order in which fluid flows through them?

Back 20

glomerulus, Bowman's capsule, proximal tubule, loop of Henle, distal tubule

Front 21

The first step in the formation of urine is the

Back 21

formation of filtrate that accumulates in Bowman's capsule.

Front 22

Which of the following statements regarding the urinary system is true?

Back 22

Bowman's capsule envelops the glomerulus.

Front 23

Through which of the following structures does urine leave the bladder?

Back 23

urethra

Front 24

What is the name of the functional unit of the kidney?

Back 24

nephron

Front 25

The _____ is the inner region of the kidney from which urine flows to the renal pelvis and then to the ureter.

Back 25

renal medulla

Front 26

Which of the following is a function of the excretory system?

Back 26

maintenance of water balance

Front 27

The overall process that refines the filtrate and ultimately returns water and valuable solutes to the blood is known as

Back 27

reabsorption

Front 28

What is the correct sequence of filtrate processing in the nephron?

Back 28

filtration, reabsorption, secretion, excretion

Front 29

ADH acts on

Back 29

the collecting duct.

Front 30

What is the function of the antidiuretic hormone?

Back 30

to increase water reabsorption

Front 31

Water moves out of filtrate in the nephron tubule into the interstitial fluid by

Back 31

Water moves out of filtrate in the nephron tubule into the interstitial fluid by

Front 32

During production of urine, a major function of the kidney is

Back 32

water conservation

Front 33

What is the main function of the distal tubule?

Back 33

secretion of H+ and reabsorption of HCO3-

Front 34

In a dialysis machine, wastes are removed from blood plasma by a process of

Back 34

diffusion

Front 35

Urine formed by a kidney collects in the _____ before being drained from the kidney by the _____ and transported to the _____.

Back 35

renal pelvis ... ureter ...urinary bladder

Front 36

Fluid from the glomerulus first collects in

Back 36

Bowman's capsule.

Front 37

The _____ are the major blood vessels transporting blood to the kidneys.

Back 37

renal arteries

Front 38

The outer part of the kidney is the _____.

Back 38

cortex

Front 39

Which of these is the functional unit of a kidney?

Back 39

nephron

Front 40

Under the influence of antidiuretic hormone (ADH), _____ is produced.

Back 40

more concentrated urine

Front 41

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) makes the _____ permeable to water.

Back 41

collecting duct

Front 42

The movement of substances out of the glomerulus and into Bowman's capsule is referred to as _____.

Back 42

filtration

Front 43

The movement of substances from the blood into the proximal tubule is known as _____.

Back 43

secretion

Front 44

Which of these is reabsorbed from filtrate?

Back 44

sodium chloride
glucose
water
amino acids

Front 45

As filtrate moves down the loop of Henle, the surrounding interstitial fluid becomes _____ concentrated than the filtrate, so _____ leaves the filtrate.

Back 45

more ..... water

Front 46

The most abundant solute in urine is _____.

Back 46

urea (and other nitrogenous wastes)

Front 47

Glucose is removed from filtrate by _____.

Back 47

active transport