Chapter 21

Front 1

Which food items are typically part of a herbivorous diet?

Back 1

nuts, leaves, berries

Front 2

The box elder bug is an insect that sucks plant juices. It is a _____.

Back 2

fluid-feeding herbivore

Front 3

Which of the following statements regarding animals is false?

Back 3

Animals that extract food particles suspended in the surrounding water are called fluid feeders.

Front 4

A bulk feeder would likely _____.

Back 4

have claws and jaws, tentacles, pincers, fangs, or teeth

Front 5

During which of the following stages of food processing is undigested material removed from the digestive tract?

Back 5

elimination

Front 6

Digestion is the

Back 6

chemical & mechanical breakdown of food for absorption into the body

Front 7

list in order the 4 stages of food processing

Back 7

ingestion
digestion
absorption
elimination

Front 8

How does a gastrovascular cavity differ from an alimentary canal? The gastrovascular cavity _____.

Back 8

has only a single opening

Front 9

Which of the following organisms has a gastrovascular cavity?

Back 9

hydra

Front 10

Digestion takes place in specialized compartments for all of the following reasons except that

Back 10

the environment of digestion must protect the food.

Front 11

An animal digestive tract that consists of two openings (a mouth and anus) is called

Back 11

the alimentary canal

Front 12

In vertebrates, food is moved along the length of the digestive system by _____.

Back 12

peristalsis

Front 13

Which of the following correctly lists the order of the parts of the human digestive system, from first to last contact with food matter?

Back 13

oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine

Front 14

Digestion begins in the

Back 14

oral cavity

Front 15

The enzyme _____ acts to digest _____ in the stomach.

Back 15

pepsin.... preteins

Front 16

How is the stomach lining protected from the caustic acid pH of its contents?

Back 16

Mucous cells secrete a protective lubricant into the stomach.

Front 17

The mucous-producing cells that line the stomach

Back 17

lubricate and protect the stomach lining

Front 18

The secretory parietal cells of the stomach are responsible for producing

Back 18

hydrochloric acid

Front 19

The stomach mixes food with secretions of the stomach wall to form

Back 19

chyme

Front 20

Epithelial cells lining the intestine have surface projections that increase nutrient absorption. These projections are called

Back 20

microvilli.

Front 21

What is the main digestive function of the pancreas?

Back 21

to produce digestive enzymes and a bicarbonate buffer

Front 22

Which of the following is important in the digestion of lipids?

Back 22

bile salts

Front 23

Bile produced in the liver is stored in the ________ before entering the intestine.

Back 23

gallbladder

Front 24

Which enzyme breaks large polypeptides into smaller polypeptides?

Back 24

chymotrypsin

Front 25

Which of the following nutrients is digested only after it reaches the small intestine?

Back 25

fat

Front 26

Which of the following digestive enzymes is present in children but often absent in adults?

Back 26

lactase

Front 27

The major function of the large intestine is _____.

Back 27

reabsorption of water

Front 28

Lions are not always successful hunters, and may go days between meals. What evolutionary adaptation helps the lion survive periods of famine?

Back 28

an expandable stomach

Front 29

How would you expect the digestive system of a hawk (a carnivore) to compare with that of a sparrow (a seed eater)?

Back 29

the sparrows digestive system would be longer

Front 30

Interestingly, most herbivorous animals do not have the ability to digest the cellulose in plants. However, in the absence of this ability, they have evolved a mechanism that allows them to survive despite eating only plant matter, namely

Back 30

digestion by symbiotic microorganisms

Front 31

Which of the following is supplied by food?

Back 31

fuel

Front 32

The rate of energy consumption by the body is called

Back 32

metabolic rate

Front 33

Which of the following provides the most energy per gram?

Back 33

fat

Front 34

What is the easiest way to meet all of your essential amino acid needs?

Back 34

eat an egg

Front 35

A material that must be ingested in preassembled form because the animal cannot synthesize it is

Back 35

an essential nutrient

Front 36

The essential amino acids

Back 36

must be obtained from the food we eat

Front 37

Which of the following vitamins is fat-soluble and consequently, can be stored in body fat?

Back 37

K

Front 38

Which of the following statements regarding vitamins is true?

Back 38

They can serve as coenzymes or parts of coenzymes.

Front 39

A breakfast cereal advertises that it contains essential vitamins and minerals. In this context, the word essential means that _____.

Back 39

the nutrients must be supplied in the diet and cannot be made in the body

Front 40

Which of the following diseases is associated with obesity?

Back 40

cardiovascular disease