Chapter 28

Front 1

The fundamental cell type that conducts an action potential in the nervous system is a(n) _____.

Back 1

neuron

Front 2

The two major anatomical divisions of the nervous system are the

Back 2

central nervous system and peripheral nervous system.

Front 3

Nervous system effector cells

Back 3

perform responses to signals from integration centers.

Front 4

Which of the following statements regarding the nervous system is true?

Back 4

Motor neurons convey signals from the CNS to effector cells.

Front 5

What part of a nerve cell carries signals toward the part of the cell that houses the nucleus?

Back 5

DENDRITE

Front 6

In a resting neuron, the inside of the cell is _____.

Back 6

negative relative to the outside of the cell because of differences in ionic composition of the fluids inside and outside of the cell

Front 7

Which of the following statements about resting potential is true?

Back 7

The sodium-potassium pump contributes to the resting membrane potential.

Front 8

A stimulus triggers an action potential by _____.

Back 8

causing sodium ions to enter the neuron

Front 9

The rapid flip-flop of a neuron's membrane potential occurs as _____.

Back 9

sodium ions rush into the neuron and then potassium ions rush out

Front 10

Once an action potential is triggered, the first major chemical change is

Back 10

a reversal of the membrane polarity, with the interior of the cell becoming positively charged.

Front 11

Once the threshold potential is reached,

Back 11

an action potential is inevitable.

Front 12

Action potentials relay different intensities of information due to the

Back 12

frequency of action potentials relative to the strength of the stimulus.

Front 13

Action potentials normally travel along an axon

Back 13

away from the cell body.

Front 14

Which of the following choices correctly describes an action potential?

Back 14

An action potential is an all-or-none event moving in one direction. A stronger stimulus generates a faster frequency of action potentials moving to the central nervous system from the sensory structure.

Front 15

The gap between the transmitting and receiving neurons in a chemical synapse is known as the

Back 15

synaptic cleft.

Front 16

During transmission across a typical chemical synapse,

Back 16

neurotransmitter molecules bind to receptors in the receiving cell's plasma membrane.

Front 17

Neurotransmitters that open Na+ channels and trigger action potentials in receiving cells are called

Back 17

excitatory.

Front 18

Which of the following functions as a neurotransmitter?

Back 18

acetylcholine

Front 19

The neurotransmitter associated with sleep, mood, attention, and learning is

Back 19

serotonin.

Front 20

The simplest animals to display cephalization and centralization of the nervous system are

Back 20

FLATWORMS

Front 21

Which of the following statements regarding the peripheral nervous system is true?

Back 21

Nerves are part of the peripheral nervous system.

Front 22

Which of the following is part of the central nervous system (CNS)?

Back 22

SPINAL CORD

Front 23

Which of the following statements regarding the brain is true?

Back 23

The blood-brain barrier maintains a stable chemical environment for the brain.

Front 24

The relationship between spinal nerves and the spinal cord is most like the relationship between

Back 24

an interstate highway and the many roads that intersect with it via on- and off-ramps.

Front 25

Unlike the somatic nervous system, the autonomic nervous system is _____.

Back 25

involuntary and primarily controls smooth and cardiac muscle

Front 26

The autonomic nervous system

Back 26

regulates the internal environment of the body.

Front 27

Which of the following results from stimulation by the parasympathetic nervous system?

Back 27

stimulation of saliva production

Front 28

Which of the following results from stimulation by the sympathetic nervous system?

Back 28

release of glucose from the liver

Front 29

When you are very nervous, perhaps before you must speak in front of your college class, you notice that your mouth is dry and your heart is racing. This is most likely due to stimulation by the

Back 29

sympathetic division of your autonomic nervous system.

Front 30

What part of the brain sorts incoming information, such as touch signals from your hand, into categories before relaying it to the cerebral cortex?

Back 30

thalamus

Front 31

You start to fall but then catch yourself, regaining your balance. Which of the following brain regions is responsible for the rapid coordination of muscle activity that kept you from falling?

Back 31

cerebellum

Front 32

Our emotions, learning, and memory depend upon the

Back 32

limbic system.

Front 33

What part of the brain seems to be a memory filter?

Back 33

amygdala

Front 34

Schizophrenia

Back 34

is a state where the patient loses the ability to distinguish what is real.

Front 35

Treatments for depression often include drugs that help correct imbalances in the levels of

Back 35

serotonin.

Front 36

A neuron's nucleus is located in its _____.

Back 36

THE CELL BODY

Front 37

A nerve impulse moves toward a neuron's cell body along _____.

Back 37

DENDRITES

Front 38

A nerve impulse moves away from a neuron's cell body along _____.

Back 38

AXONS

Front 39

An impulse relayed along a myelinated axon "jumps" from _____ to _____.

Back 39

node of Ranvier ... node of Ranvier

Front 40

Axons insulated by a(n) _____ are able to conduct impulses faster that those not so insulated.

Back 40

myelin sheath

Front 41

What type of cell makes up the myelin sheath of a motor neuron?

Back 41

Schwann cells

Front 42

What part of a neuron relays signals from one neuron to another neuron or to an effector?

Back 42

synaptic terminal

Front 43

Which of these causes the release of neurotransmitter molecules?

Back 43

an action potential reaching the end of the axon

Front 44

The space between an axon of one neuron and the dendrite of another neuron is called a(n) _____.

Back 44

synaptic cleft

Front 45

Neurons store neurotransmitter molecules in vesicles located within _____.

Back 45

synaptic terminals

Front 46

Which part of the brain is associated with conscious thought, memory, and personality?

Back 46

Cerebral cortex

Front 47

Which part of the brain functions as a relay station for information to the limbic system and the cerebral cortex?

Back 47

Thalamus

Front 48

True or false. An individual who has suffered a stroke, which has caused damage in his cerebrum, and is now having problems with his hearing, has probably suffered damage to his occipital lobe.

Back 48

FALSE