What Is The Complex Process Of The Human Body?

770 Words 4 Pages

The human body performs many complex processes on a daily basis it is a machine working overtime to make sure our bodies can function effortlessly and maintain homeostasis. Any disruption in the body and the body is ready to respond performing many complicated procedures to bring the human body back into balance. For example, if a person steps on a thumb tack many people would think that all that occurs is that the person feels pain and the individual jerks their leg in response due to that pain. Though this is true to some extent, the process from the thumb tack entering the foot and the person responding to that pain is much more complicated than that.
First, what happens is a stimulus occurs due to a change in your body 's environment which activates your sensory receptors in your peripheral systems such as your mechanoreceptors which respond to things such as pain and stretching; and your nociceptors which respond to pain. Once the …show more content…
Each neuron in the body has a negative, and positive side that is naturally attracted to each other but is separated by a plasma membrane (external boundary) until the energy created by the two is ready to be used. The plasma membrane has protein channels (gates) that allow the diffusion of ions. The three types of gates are leakage (passive) channels which are always open that allow k+ to leak out of the cell; chemical ligated gates which activate by the binding of chemical neurotransmitters and mechanical gates which enable in response to touch and pressure. When a neuron is at resting state (-70mv) the neuron is more negative on the inside of the cell compared to the extracellular space around it due to the passive

Fluid Mosaic Model Of Phospholipids

Endocytosis, however, allows the cell to take in substances. Vesicles pinch off from the plasma membrane, allowing the bulk into the cell. Endocytosis comes in three forms: phagocytosis, when a cell engulfs a substance entirely, pinocytosis, when the cell takes the substance in by small vesicles (like small gulps), and receptor-mediated endocytosis, where the substance binds to receptors,…

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The Importance Of Calcium Ions

Calcium ions are vital for cellular signalling, as once they enter the cytoplasm they use allosteric effects caused by indirect transduction pathways such as G protein-coupled receptors. Calcium signalling is cause by gradients across the plasma membrane, as the resting concentration of Ca2+ in the cytoplasm is normally kept ˷100 nM, compared to the extracellular concentration which is ˷1.5mM. To continue low concentration within the cell, Ca2+ signals can be generated either from extracellular calcium or from within the intracellular stores. Some proteins within the cell act as sensors and buffers to ensure that the concentration remains within its range and does not rise above 10x-7M that can cause cell death. When cells are stimulated, the…

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Importance Of Human Senses

The final sense is touch that are made up of many different receptors. Touch helps with social interactions as well as safety measures. Skin is the major organ used for touch. It holds many nerve endings that send electrical impulses to the brain to create feeling. The nerves receptors respond to pressure, hot, cold, and pain.…

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Causes And Consequences Of G Proteins

A subunit will then move through the plasma membrane to go on to activate effector molecules, which are also associated with the plasma membrane, causing a number of physiological responses depending on the type of effector and G-Protein involved. The effector may be an ion channel or enzyme. Most often it is the Gα subunit that interacts with the effector however some effectors are activated by the Gβγ subunit complex. The G-Protein will continue to interact with the effector until the bound GTP is catalysed into GDP. The Gα and Gβγ subunits will then reassemble.…

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Roles Of The Endocrine System

The lipid-soluble hormones also known as fat- soluble hormones are lipophilic, those hormones dissolve in fat, and are usually formed from the cholesterol (like steroids), therefore they can pass through cell membrane. So how do they work? Those hormones molecule passes through the cell membrane and attaches itself to the receptor, that move around inside the cell. This combination of the receptor and the hormone is called the “hormone-receptor complex”, this complex moves to the cell nucleus and binds to deoxyribonucleic acid. This bonding causes gene’s to “switch on or off”, this activity controls the biochemical activity in the…

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Cell Junctions Essay

Tight junctions are formed when long rows of transmembrane adhesion proteins called claudins, occludins and junctional adhesion molecules of neighbouring cells attach to each other through interactions between their extracellular domains and close the intercellular gap between the cells. These proteins, that appear as sealing strands, also interact with intracellular peripheral membrane proteins such as ZO1 to anchor the actin cytoskeleton of the cell (Alberts et al., 2002). This binding of ZO-1 to actin is dependent on calcium ions and lower levels of intracellular calcium affects the permeability of the tight junction (Brown and Davis, 2002). The strands span the entire circumference of cells forming physical paracellular barriers or "ridges" that prevent the movement of molecules through the gaps between the cells. This ensures that ions and solutes can only go through the tissue if they…

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Cell Membrane Essay

It transports cholesterol across the membrane. “These mechanisms involve enclosing the substances to be transported in their own small globes of membrane, which can then bud from or fuse with the membrane to move the substance across.” (“Bulk transport,”2016) This mechanism allows cells to obtains environmental nutrients and choose certain particles out of the extracellular fluid. Also, they release signaling molecules to communicate. Active transport is when ions or molecules move against a concentration gradient going from a region of lower concentration to higher concentration. Carbohydrates are the molecules that are moved across the membrane during this mechanism.…

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Cell Transport And Permeability Essay

Ribosomes are the actual site of protein synthesis (Marieb P44). The packaging of proteins and other substances that are being ready to be exported out of the cell and into the plasma membrane is done by the golgi apparatus. From there, the plasma membrane has two processes of exportation, active and passive processes. Passive transport has two important processes known as diffusion and filtration, diffusion being most important because it is the means of transportation for every cell in the body. When a cell experiences a difference in concentration (also known as concentration gradient), molecules are evenly distributed throughout the environment in which they reside.…

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Bacteriorhodopsin Essay

This uptake is regulated by protein conformation and depends on this region being hydrated (Lanyi, 1998) and reprotonation of Asp-96 coincides with the retinal returning to the all-trans state (Lanyi, 2005). The translocation of the proton must be close to the two aqueous interfaces as bound water has a very important role to play in the movement of the proton in the mechanism of proton translocation as proton transfer occurs via a bridging water molecule (Lanyi, 1998). This proton translocation is unidirectional and the proton is always moved from the cytoplasm to the extracellular surface. This is because the Schiff bas is not always accessible from both half- channels. The proton affinity for Asp-85 and Asp-96 also changes, depending on which stage of the photocycle is occurring (Lanyi,…

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Action Potentials And Action Potentials

Positively charged ions are pumped through the membrane creating a slightly more negative atmosphere inside the cell then the outside. This action causes the cell membrane to be polarized. Positively charged ions are kept out and only make it back in through special membrane gate channels which can open and close and these channels are distributed along the axons and dendrites. Changes in the environment stimulate the normally closed channels on the axon to swing open and allow positive charges to rush in through the action of depolarization. This activity causes the next area of the axon to become depolarized resulting in the opening of the neighboring gate.…

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What Is The Complex Process Of The Human Body?

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