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116 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Employs both direct and indirect attack methods sequentially |
Combination attack |
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Apparatus mounted device intended to flow large amounts of water directly onto a fire or exposed building |
Deck gun |
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Nozzle attached to the end of the ladder truck |
Ladder pipe |
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Produced by a smooth bore nozzle |
Solid stream |
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How many fire fighters are usually needed to advance a 2 1/2 inch hose line inside a building? |
Three team members |
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Used to produce high volume water streams |
Master stream device |
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What device can be positioned whenever a master stream is needed? |
Portable monitor |
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Nozzle mounted on the end of an aerial device |
Elevated master stream device |
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Type of attack that is used to remove as much heat as possible |
Indirect attack |
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A straight or solid hose stream directed at the base of the fire |
Direct attack |
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What class fire extinguisher is used when controlling and extinguishing electrical or electrical equipment fires? |
Class C agents |
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When are master stream devices used? |
To produce high volume water streams for large fires |
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When actions are taken to prevent the spread of a fire to areas that are not already burning |
Protecting exposures |
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What operations are master streams typically used for? |
Defensive operations |
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What is the primary objective in a defensive operation? |
To prevent the fire from spreading |
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What type of fire extinguisher is used to decrease the need for manual overhaul during trash container fires? |
Class A foam |
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What do you interrupt when removing oxygen, fuel or the heat from the combustion process? |
Tetrahedron |
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What is the device that is permanently mounted on a vehicle and equipped with a piping system? |
Deck gun |
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How should fire fighters approach a vehicle fire that is under the hood or engine area? |
Uphill and upwind side |
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What type of fire extinguisher is used to extinguish flammable liquid fires? |
Class B foam |
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What defines the pattern and form of the water that is discharged onto the fire? |
Nozzle |
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What is important to do after the main body of a vehicle fire has been extinguished? |
Overhaul the vehicle |
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Who makes the decision to conduct offensive or defensive operations? |
Incident commander |
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What type of attack is utilized when fire fighters begin with an indirect attack and then continue with a direct attack? |
Combination |
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What is the diameter of a large handline? |
Large Handlines = Diameter of at least 2 1/2 inches |
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How much does the volume of water expand when water is converted to steam? |
1700 times greater than the volume of water |
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What should fire fighters use in situations where the temperature is increasing and it appears that the room or space is ready to experience flashover? |
Indirect application of water = flashover |
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What type of strategy is used when fire fighters advance hose lines into a building to attack a fire? |
Offensive |
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Where are cylinders usually located in vehicles that use compressed natural gas? |
In the truck of the vehicle |
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What are propane tanks equipped with to prevent explosions in possible overheating situations? |
Relief valves |
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What is the expansion ratio when storing propane as a liquid? |
270:1 = expansion ratio of propane |
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Large capacity nozzle that can be supplied by two or more hose lines or fixed piping |
Master stream devices |
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What are some types of master stream devices? |
Deck guns Portable ground monitors Elevated streams |
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Use of solid wall to break apart a stream of water, creating more surface area |
Indirect application of water |
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Monitor that can be lifted from a vehicle mounted bracket and moved to operating position on ground by not more than two people |
Portable monitor |
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Using an adjustable nozzle to provide straight stream of water |
Straight stream |
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Liquid fuel is stored in a vessel under pressure. Bottom of vessel contains liquid propane, upper part of vessel contain vapor propane. Heat builds pressure of expanding liquid. Exceeds boiling point of liquid. Explosion occurs. |
BLEVE Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapor Explosion |
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How does a fire fighter cool a propane tank? |
Cool top of tank to cool upper part of tank that contains vapor propane |
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Which stream divides water into droplets which have a very large surface area and can absorb heat efficiently? |
Fog stream |
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What operation involves directing water onto a fire from a safe distance? |
Defensive operation |
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What part of the house are difficult and dangerous spaces to enter, and have limited routes of egress? |
Basements |
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Which stream moves a large quantity of air along with mass of water droplets? |
Fog stream |
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What operation often use large handlines and master streams? |
Defensive operations |
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What is referred to as a fire that occurs inside a building? |
Interior structure fire |
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What is one of the main hazards of confined space fires and incidents? |
Low oxygen levels |
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What type of attack uses a straight or solid hose stream to deliver water onto the base of the fire? |
Direct attack |
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What does master streams commonly flow between? |
350 and 2000 gpm |
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How should fires in stacked or piled materials be approached? |
Cautiously because they often don't burn evenly |
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What can the air movement created by a fog stream be used for? |
Ventilation |
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What must fire fighters look for during vehicle fires in hybrid automobiles? |
BE CAUTIOUS = HIGH VOLTAGE
Disconnect / Cut orange cables that connect the batteries to the electric motors |
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What type of operations are large handlines often used in directing a heavy stream of water onto a fire from an exterior position? |
Both offensive and defensive situations |
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Which stream has more reach and penetrating power than a fog or straight stream? |
Solid stream has more reach and penetrating power than a fog or straight stream |
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What is the best method to prevent a BLEVE? |
To direct heavy water streams onto the tank from a safe distance |
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What is the first step in an interior fire attack? |
Don full PPE including SCBA |
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-Divides water into droplets - Provides large surface area - Absorbs heat efficiently - Used to protect fire fighters from heat |
Fog stream |
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- Has greater reach than a fog stream - Can hit fire farther away - Can concentrate on small area |
Straight stream |
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- Provided by smooth bore nozzle - Greater reach and penetrate power |
Solid stream |
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- Used straight or solid hose stream to deliver water - Used to deliver water directly onto base of fire |
Direct attack |
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- Used when room is ready to flashover - Aims a short burst of water at ceiling to cool super heated gases in upper levels of room - Delays and prevents flashover - Quickly removes as much heat as possible |
Indirect attack |
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Type of attack that employs both direct attack and indirect attack |
Combination attack |
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- Fire can burn in combustible void spaces behind walls and under sub floors - Main hazard is low level oxygen |
Concealed space fires |
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What are characteristics of a basement fire? |
- Difficult to recognize - Damage floor above fire - Limited route of egress - Difficult to ventilate |
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What are some tactics used to suppress fires above ground level? |
- Protect stairways (vertical openings) - Advance line uncharged until reach fire floor - Look for secondary exit |
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Made by using a smooth bore nozzle |
Solid stream |
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Made by using an adjustable nozzle |
Straight stream |
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Can be lifted from a vehicle mounted bracket and moved to an operating position on the ground by not more than two people |
Portable monitor |
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A monitor that is fed by a hose and that holds and directs a nozzle while attached to the rungs of a vehicle mounted aerial ladder |
Ladder pipe |
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An apparatus mounted master stream device that is intended to flow large amounts of water directly onto a fire or exposed building |
Deck gun |
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What is the primary objective in a defensive operation? |
To prevent the fire from spreading |
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What is the most frequently used handline size for interior fire attack? |
1 3/4 inch |
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What diameter are large handlines defined as? |
At least 2 1/2 inch = LDH |
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What is the rate of flow for large handlines? |
LDH = 2 1/2 inch = 250 gpm |
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What is flow for the most commonly used master stream device? |
Master stream = 350 gpm and 1500 gpm |
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Which method knocks the main body of fire down with a heavy stream; crews can then stretch handlines into the site and extinguish the remaining fire? |
"Blitz" |
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Which stream divides water into droplets, which have a very large surface area and can absorb heat efficiently? |
Fog stream |
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What is the most effective means of fires suppression in most situations? |
Direct attack |
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What streams are used in direct attack? |
Direct attack = straight or solid |
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Which attack does a straight or solid hose stream is used to deliver water directly onto the base of the fire? |
Direct attack |
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Which attack is to quickly remove as much as heat as possible from the atmosphere |
Indirect attack |
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Which attack has fire fighters direct a fog stream at the ceiling of the intensely heated area so as to create stream? |
Indirect attack |
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How many fire fighters are needed to stabilize and advance a large handline? |
Three more comfortably and safety than two |
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What is the flow rate of most master streams? |
Between 350 and 1500 gpm |
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When should master streams NOT be used? |
Master streams should never be directed into a building while fire fighters are operating inside the structure because these streams can push heat, smoke or fire onto the fire fighters |
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How can a moving portable monitor pose a danger to anyone in its path? |
If stream is operated at a low angle, the reaction force will tend to make the monitor unstable |
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What becomes even more important with a large fire? |
Exposure protection becomes priority where the fire is too large to be controlled by an initial attack |
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What are signs of fire within a concealed space fire? |
- Smoke coming from cracks or openings in wall - Charred areas with no outward evidence of fire - Peeling or bubbled paint or wallpaper |
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What most a fire fighter do for fires within a concealed space? |
Listen for cracks and pops or hissing steam |
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How should a fire fighter attack a vehicle fire? |
- No closer than 50 feet with full PPE and SCBA - Use 1 1/2 inch hose line - Approach vehicle uphill and upwind position and at 45 degree angle from vehicle - Sweep bottom part of vehicle using horizontal motion |
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How can fire in trash containers be fought with? |
Foam or deck guns |
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Which attack uses a solid object such as wall or ceiling to break apart a stream of water, creating more surface area on the water droplets and thereby causing the water to absorb more heat? |
Indirect attack |
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Which stream is made by using a smooth bore nozzle to produce a penetrating steam of water? |
Solid stream |
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What is the expansion ratio of propane? |
270:1 |
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What should be done once the gas has been shut off to a building? |
Attach a shut off tag |
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What is the flow rate of large handlines? |
LDH = 2 1/2 inch = 250 gpm |
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What challenge do fire fighters frequently face when extinguishing an engine compartment fire? |
Gaining access |
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How can a master stream device be operated? |
By either manually operated or directed by remote control |
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In which operational mode are operations that are conducted from outside of the fire building? |
Defensive |
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What term refers to two crews operating hose lines "against" each other? |
Opposing lines |
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What level of priority does exposure protection take during a defensive operation? |
High priority |
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From a doorway, a crew directs a hose stream at the ceiling of a burning room. What type of attack is this? |
Indirect attack |
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What type of attack involves the application of water to the base of a fire with a straight stream or solid stream? |
Direct attack |
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What is the flow commonly used on master stream devices? |
350 to 2500 gpm |
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What is a characteristic of a fog stream? |
It creates water droplets with a large surface area |
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What refers to all of the tactics and tasks that are performed on the fire scene to achieve the final goal of extinguishing the fire? |
Fire suppression |
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What successful fire suppression operation can be controlled with the least amount of property damage? |
Offensive attack |
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What handlines are used during an offensive strategy? |
SDH for most interior fire attack operations LDH to conduct an interior attack on a large fire |
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What handlines are often used in defensive operations? |
LDH and master stream |
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When should offensive (interior attack) and defensive (exterior attack) be performed simultaneously? |
NEVER |
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How many fire fighters are needed to operate a nozzle on a small handline? |
One to operate nozzle Second fire fighter to advance and manuever |
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How many fire fighters are needed to operate a nozzle on a large handline? |
At least two fire are required to advance and control However one can control if firmly anchored |
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What fire suppression method has fire fighter aim a short burst of water at ceiling to cool the super heated gases in the upper levels of the room or space? |
Indirect application of water = prevent or delay flashover |
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What action can prevent or delay flashover long enough for fire fighters to apply water directly to the seat of the fire or to make a safe exit? |
Indirect application of water = short burst of water at ceiling to cool the super heated gases in the upper levels of the room or space |
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What practice is often referred to as "painting the ceiling" with the water stream? |
Indirect attack = direct water to ceiling Using straight stream, solid stream or narrow fog pattern |
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When water is converted to gaseous steam how much does it expand? |
Occupy a volume 1700 times greater |
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What should a fire fighter watch for when using an indirect or combination attack? |
Droplets of water raining down Indicates lowered ceiling temperature No droplets, ceiling is still too hot |
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What is the first priority at a large free burning fire? |
Protect exposed buildings and property from a combination of radiant heat, conductive heat, and burning embers |
