Anatomy Ch. 28 Reproductive System

Front 1

What are some functions of the Reproductive system?

Back 1

1. maturation
2. propagates genetic information
3. copulation and fertilization
4. Provides for child after conception

Front 2

What do you call the organs of male and female that share developmental primordia and perform similar functions

Back 2

Homologues
Gonads

Front 3

Produce sex cells? Male and female

Back 3

Gonads
Male-testes
female-ovaries

Front 4

What contains the ANS axons responsible for arousal and climax?

Back 4

Penis and clitoris

Front 5

This region contains both the urogenital and anal triangles

Back 5

Perineum

Front 6

Whats the difference between the males and females urogenital triangle

Back 6

The females urogenital triangle contains the urethral and vaginal openings whereas the males urogenital triangle contains the base of the scrotum and penis

Front 7

The primary sex organs in females because they produce oocytes. Paired structures

Back 7

Ovaries

Front 8

Folds the peritoneum that covers the ovaries

Back 8

mesovarium

Front 9

anchors each ovary to the uterine wall

Back 9

Ovarian ligament

Front 10

Connects lateral edge of each ovary to the lateral wall of the pelvic cavity.
Provides a route for the ovarian blood and nerves traveling to and from ovary.

Back 10

Suspensory ligament

Front 11

Entrance point into the ovaries for blood vessels and nerves

Back 11

Hilum

Front 12

An oocyte surrounded by supporting follicle cells

Back 12

Follicle

Front 13

How many primordial follicles does a female produce by birth per ovary

Back 13

1.5 million to 2 million

Front 14

How many follicles still existare by puberty

Back 14

400,000 in both ovaries combined

Front 15

What happens every month

Back 15

about 20 follicles are stimulated to develop but only one becomes dominant and survives

Front 16

Release of an oocyte from the ovary

Back 16

ovulation

Front 17

This develops inside the ovary from the remnant of the follicles and releases hormones that prepare the uterus for the possibility of implantation of a fertilized ovary and pregnancy

Back 17

Corpus luteum

Front 18

After ovulation, the oocyte is swept into this structure

Back 18

open ended uterine tube

Front 19

Where does fertilization occur?

Back 19

Ampulla of uterine tube

Front 20

How long does it take the preembryo to reach the uterus and implant in the uterine wall?

Back 20

3-4 days

Front 21

A muscular pair shaped organ of the reproductive system?

Back 21

Uterus

Front 22

What are some functions of the uterus

Back 22

1. site of implantation
2. Forms the placenta and protects the embryo
3. Ejects fetus through contractions

Front 23

Regions of the uterus?

Back 23

1. fundus-roof
2. body
3. cervix-inferior portion that projects into vagina

Front 24

How is the uterus held in place?

Back 24

muscles of the pelvic floor and by ligaments like the ROUND LIGAMENT

Front 25

What do you call the inner lining of the uterus?

Back 25

endometrium p.863

Front 26

What do you call the inner part of the endometrium, which grows to prepare for possibility of pregnancy every month due to estrogen and progesterone?

Back 26

Functional layer

Front 27

What causes the functional layer of the endometrium to grow?

Back 27

estrogen and progesterone

Front 28

Where does the pre-embryo implant itself and forms the placenta from this layer

Back 28

functional layer of the endometrium

Front 29

What happens if there is no pregnancy?
What is this called

Back 29

Functional layer is shed and exits body through the vagina. Called menstruation.

Front 30

How long is mesntruation cycle?

Back 30

28 to 29 days

Front 31

What layer of the uterus thickens during pregnancy and contracts during birth?

Back 31

Myometrium

Front 32

What is the outer layer of uterus and continues with broad ligament (doesn't physically hold uterus in place is a draping of the peritoneum over the uterus)?

Back 32

Perimetrium ( a serosa)

Front 33

What are the functions of the vagina?

Back 33

1. birth canal
2. copulatory organ
3. Path for menstruation
Its a muscular tube

Front 34

What do the epithelial cells of the vagina produce? and why

Back 34

acidic secretions, to prevent bacterial infection

Front 35

Primary sex organ
stored in scrotum
produce testosterone
Produce sperm

Back 35

Testes

Front 36

Why are the testes stored in the scrotum?

Back 36

To keep 3 degrees cooler than internal body temp

Front 37

What part of the testes are sperm produced?

Back 37

Siminiferous tubules

Front 38

Storage compartment and maturation of sperm?

Back 38

epididimys

Front 39

Carries the sperm from the epididimys to urethra

Back 39

ductus deferens

Front 40

Whats the common transport canal for semen and urine?

Back 40

urethra

Front 41

What gives volume to the semen? and what other effects does this have on it?

Back 41

Accessory glands. makes semen alkaline so it neutralized the acidity of the vagina. It also adds nutrients to the semen so the sperm can survive the hours or days it takes to reach the ampulla

Front 42

This structure adds citric acid, seminalplasmin, and PSA?

Back 42

Prostate gland

Front 43

What are the effects of citric acid, siminalplasmin and PSA on sperm?

Back 43

Citric acid gives health
seminalplasmin is an antibiotic
PSA is an enzyme that liquifies semen after ejaculation

Front 44

Adds mucin, for the protection of the urethra from the contents of semen?

Back 44

bulbourethral gland

Front 45

Whats the base of the penis called?

Back 45

The root

Front 46

What are the three erectile bodies? and what do they do?

Back 46

2 corpora cavernosa
1 corpora spongiosum
They contain a central artery and venous spaces that fill with blood during arousal by parasympathetic inneravation.

Front 47

Where are the corpora cavernosa located?

Back 47

dorsolateral sides

Front 48

Where is the corpora spongiosum located on the penis?

Back 48

Inferiorly along the midline

Front 49

What do you call the tip and what does it contain?

Back 49

The glans, contains external urethral orifice