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148 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Programs or instructions that tell the computer hardware what to do.
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Software
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Kernel
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The heart of the OS
Ties all parts of the OS together |
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What does the operating system do?
(8) |
Controls Hardware
Provides user interface Hardware Independence Manage System Memory Manage Processing Tasks Network Capability Controls access to system resources Manage Files |
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OS Controls the hardware:
(3) |
Accept keyboard inputs
Store and retrieves data on disks Sends data to output devices |
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OS User Interface
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Command-Based Interfaces (Dos screen)
Graphical User Interface (GUI's) - windows screen |
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___ ___ used to connect the application software to the operating software
Importance? |
Application Program Interface
(API) -software needs to be able to run on different hardware - like older machines |
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The __ knows exactly where data is stored in memory
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Operating System
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____: swaps data in memory
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Multi-tasking
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___ ___: Allocates space on hard drive to help RAM
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Virtual Memory
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OS allocates computer resources to deal with...
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all tasks
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Multiple users can simultaneously use the resources of a single processor
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Time-Sharing
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The ability to handle an increased number of concurrent users.
Especially important for servers and mainframes. |
Scalability
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OS can help users connect to, setup, and control ___
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networks
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OS keeps track of files in ___ ___
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secondary storage
Creation, deletion, movie, and copying, etc. |
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Difference between Command based interface and graphical user interface (GUI)
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Command based requires user to give txt commands
GUI uses icons and menus |
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Microsoft PC Operating System Characteristics:
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MS-Dos
Windows Does not manage memory/resources well |
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Apple Mac OS X characteristics:
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Advanced GUI
Great at Multi-tasking Lots of Multimedia and communication capabilities |
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Linux characteristics:
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Many distributions available
created in 1991 by student in Finland Open Source Strong Security Powers Web-servers, and embedded systems (mobile phones, appliances, tivo) |
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Windows Server is a ___ operating system with what characteristics: (2)
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Workgroup
Can manage more amounts of data More secure/reliable |
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Unix is a ___ operating system with what characteristics: (2)
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Workgroup
Multitasking, multiuser, manages networks often used on mainframes, midrange, and PC's. |
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_______ is a ___ operating system with what characteristics
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Red Hat Linux
Workgroup Make money using open source Networking OS Inexpensive, runs on standard hardware, powerful, stable, and secure |
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Windows Embedded is used for:
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Cell phones, digital cameras, automobiles, computers, tv boxes, automated machinery.
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Windows Mobile is used for:
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Handhelds and cell phones
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___ software applies the power of the computer to give individuals, workgroups, and the entire enterprise the ability to solve problems and perform specific task
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Application Software
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A one of kind, custom made, program for a specific application is called ___ ___
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Proprietary Software
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Software program that already exists which is purcahsed or aquired is called:
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Off-the-shelf software
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A ___ ___ __ is a company that provides software, support, and the computer hardware on which to run the software from the user's facilites.
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Application service provider
(ASP) |
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___ ___ help to perform maintenance or correct problems with a computer system.
EX.? |
Utility Programs
Ex. - Virus dection sftwre |
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Personal application software includes: (
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Spredsheets,Word Processing, Database apps, graphic progs(adobe), powerpoint, web apps.
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Common Web Applications:
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Webpage creation apps (frontpage)
Browsers (reags hypertext) Email (hotmail.com) IM |
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A collection of single application programs packaged in a bundle.
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Software Suite
Ex. Office |
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Software that supports teamwork, whether in one location or around the world.
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Workgroup application software
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2 Types of Workgroup application software:
Ex. |
Groupware
Collaborative computing software Ex- Lotus Notes |
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Software that benefits an entire ogranization.
Ex. |
Enterprise application software
Microsoft Office Small Bus. |
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1st Generation Language (GL)
Characteristics: (3) |
Machine Language/binary code
ASCII Intrustions entered through front panel switches (ex. Altair) with punch cards |
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2nd GL characteristics: (2)
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Assembly Language
MVC |
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3rd GL characteristics: (3)
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Easier for humans to understand - named variables
Needs complier program |
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Special software prgram that converts the programmers source code into machine-language instructions consisting of binary digits
Ex. |
Complier
COBOL, C, C++, BASIC |
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4th GL characteristics: (1)
Ex. |
Programs tell CPU the desired results, not how to get them
Ex. Structured Query Language (SQL) |
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5th GL characteristics:
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Use "intelligence" to create source code
Ex. Drag & Drop a button Uses natural Language to communicate with computer |
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__ ___ promgramming languages use objects rather than just procedures. Objects are made up of both data and actions.
Benefit? |
Object-Oriented
-Objects are reusable |
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This web page language creates links in the webpage to connect to other pages, embeds control codes in your document, and can be created using FrontPage or even WebCT.
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Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)
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This web page language hides descriptive tags in your document, helps you find specific data labels, and is used for search.
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eXtensible Markup Language (XML)
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This web page language is object oriented, and used to create applets (small programs that are downloaded and run when you open a webpage).
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JAVA
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Active X?
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Microsoft's version of JAVA
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___ ___: little programs built into the webpage that will check to make certain field are filled in or that two indentical fields are the same.
(ex. enter password, reenter password) |
Scripting Languages
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___: A specific instance of an entity. Collection of related DATA FIELDS
Ex. "Hauck" |
Record
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____:Typically a name, number, or combination of characters that describes an aspect of a business object or activity.
Ex. "Office Number" |
Field
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___: a generalized class of people, places, or things (objects) for which data is collected, stored, and maintained.
Ex. "Professors" |
Entity
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____: the specific value of an attribute.
Ex. "COB267" |
Data Item
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___: a field or set of fields that uniquely identifies the record.
Ex. SSN |
Primary Key
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Whats in a Database
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Data organized in a hierarchy
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A group of programs that manipulates the database and provides an interface between the database and the user of the database and other application progams.
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Database Management System
(DBMS) |
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A ___ is an organized collection of data.
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Database
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A collection of related RECORDS:
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File
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Hierarchy of Data:
Top to Bottom |
Database
Files Records Fields Characters (Bytes) |
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A characteristic of an entity
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Attribute
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Data models that use basic graphical symbols to show the organization of and relationships between data.
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Entity-relationship Diagram
-helps ensure that the logical structure of application programs is consistent with the data relationships in the database |
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A detailed description of all the data used in the database
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Data Dictionary
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A description of the enitre database
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Schema
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A ___ ___ is a database that collects business information from many sources in the enterprise, covering all aspects of the company's processes, products, and customers
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Data Warehouse
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Which Database design:
-abstract models of the data -whats the relationship b/w the data that makes sense? -entity-relationship diagrams |
Logical DB Model/design
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Which Database design:
-how the data is acutally stored in the computer or computers -plan for performance and cost -Ex. Planned data redundancy |
Physical DB Model/design
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___ ___: Describes data in which all data elements are placed in two-dimensional tables, called relations, that are the logical equivalent of files.
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Relational Model
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2 Characteristics of Relational Model:
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Each Row of a table represents a data entity
Columns of the table represent attributes |
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__ is the allowable values for data attributes
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Domain
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Database Management Systems characteristics:
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Provide a user view
Create and modify database Store and Retrieve data Manipulate data: SQL Produce Reports Usually Handled by the Database administrator |
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Instructions used to define the database schemas and subschemas
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Data Definition Language
(DDL) |
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___ ___: linking multiple relational databases through the internet
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Semantic Web
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Link between database and users via the internet that is used to control access/security, build page for user, and is scalable.
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Web Server running middleware software
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___ ___ are subsets of fata warehouses, which is data from one aspect of the business.
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Data Marts
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Program used to sift through Datawarehose to find hidden patterns or relationships.
-Find Questions instead of just answers |
Data Mining
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Online Transaction Processing databases:
(OLTP) |
Read and Write
Simple database update and Query Only a few weeks of historical data Routine and Easy updating |
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Online Analytical Processing
(OLAP) |
On the fly processing
data is multidimensional (cube) Top down query driven data analysis |
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Distributed Databases
Adv/Disadv? |
Data exist at different physical locations
Adv - All your eggs arent in one baset Dis - Networks go down sometimes. |
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Purposly storing same info in different areas
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Replicated database
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Goal of Communications:
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Receiver gets the same message (data) that is sent by the sender through the signal
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Communcations vs Telecommunications
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communications are sent through the air by real people.
Telecommunications are sent through a wire/signal by computers |
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Timing of message delivery is called ___
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Synchronicity
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___ means real-time, instantaneous
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Synchronous
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___means meassage is received after some delay
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Asynchronous
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Type of Communication Channels:
(3 + def) |
Simplex - data in one direction
half-duplex - both directions but not simultaneously Full-duplex - both directions at same time |
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data travels as ___ ___ (or streams of particles) riding on some signal
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radiation waves
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Twisted Pair: advantages and disadvantages
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Adv - Cheap, available, easy to work with
Disadv - electrical interference, slow, easily tapped. |
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Coaxial Cable: Adv/disadv
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adv - higher badnwidth, less interference
disadv - more expensive, inflexible, hard to work with |
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Fiber Optics: adv/disadv.
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adv - High badnwidth, smaller and lighter than coax, very secure
disadv - hard to work with, expensive, not flexible |
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BPL
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Broadband over power lines
-using powerlines and outlets -more interference |
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Microwave
(terrectrial media) adv/disadv |
High frequencyradio signal sent through the atmosphere and space.
Adv- high bandwidth, no physical lines, wide coverage disadv - line of sight path, interference, must be encrypted, expensive |
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Radio Transmition
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Operates at 30Hz-300MHz
Includes: RFID, Bluetooth, WiFi and Cell transmissions |
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Devices that allow several telecommunications signals to be transmitted over a single communications medium at the same time.
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Multiplexers
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Helps manage the communication load on the main system, by managing traffic, logs, determining data priority, etc.
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Front-End Processors
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An on-premise switching system owned or leased by an organization. Has limited connections to outside. Can work with both analog and digital.
Ex. Dial 9 to get outside line |
Private Branch Exchange
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Personal Area Network
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Range of 33ft
can be on the body Ex. using bluetooth |
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ISUnet has ___(#) connections to the public internet
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2
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Wide Area Networks tie together large geograpic areas like ____
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International networks
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Partial or full connectivity between computers on a network. If one connection goes down, the others are not effected.
keyword? |
Mesh Network
Topology - arrangement of computers on a network |
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This network device Uses physical device address in each message to find the right machine in the current network
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Switch
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Forwards data packets across two or more distinct networks (“routing”)
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Router
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Connects one LAN to another LAN that uses the same telecomm protocol
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Bridge
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a network point that acts as an entrance to another network (e.g., gateway between ISUnet and the public Internet)
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Gateway
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Types of Distributed Computing Architectures:
Terminal-to-host Client-server Peer-to-Peer |
Terminal - keyboard and monitor using the host computer (usually a mainframe)
Client - multiple servers and clients on a network (WWW) Peer-to-Peer - doesnt rely on server, but traffic can slow it down. Best for under 25 computers. |
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Which is more important to a business. Hardware or Software?
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Software
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What is the heart of the operating system called that controls most of the critical processes?
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Kernel
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Multitasking and Time-sharing are essentially the same thing. T or F?
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False
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The user interface is part of the OS. T or F?
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True
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This is used to connect software applications to the OS rather than the hardware itself
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Aplication program interface (API)
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Any OS can be used with any hardware. T or F?
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False
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The file manager component of the OS controls how memory is accessed and maimizes available memeory and storage. T or F?
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False
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What type of software would support a team of people writing a report?
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Workgroup application
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Which type of application would manage the supply chain for an entire organization?
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Enterprise Application
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Proprietary software is standard software that is typically cheap, quick and easy to create. T or F?
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False
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Whic type of programming language needs a compiler?
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3rd generation language
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A programmer needs to know machine language to program in what language
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1st generation language
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Programs in this "english-like" language tell the computer the desired results rather than how to get the results?
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4th generation language
(SQL - most common) |
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Which programming language is an object-oriented language often used to create web page applets?
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JAVA
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Which programming language is know for its use in financial business systems (often legacy/mainframe systems)
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COBOL
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This type of language uses embedded tags to "tag" key words or phrases for searching?
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XML
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A database comprises..
A. attributes B. records C.Organized data for querying D. All of above |
All of above
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What is the correct order of the hierarchy of data?
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Character - fields-records-files-database
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Which terms refer to the objects or things you want to know about in your database. (choose more than 1)
A. Primary Key B. Attributes C. Fields D. Entities E. Records |
Entities
Records |
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Which terms refer to the characteristics that you want to knwo about in your database?
A. Primary Key B. Attributes C. Fields D. Entities E. Records |
Attributes
Fields |
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Which is a characteristic of the tradional approach
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program and data dependence
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Which is a characteristic of the data approach
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increased vulnerability to system failure
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which database model uses tables to organize data
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???
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A technique to make a complex database more different by eliminating redundancy in a table?
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Normalization
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A ___ is a unique identifier of a particular record
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Primary Key
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A logical model helps you plan...
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what data and relationships in your database
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Which mega database stores historical external and data from other sources
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data warehouse
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which database do you use for data mining
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data warehouse
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you dont need to know exactly what your looking for in this type of analysis?
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Data mining
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Database where I know exactly what questions I can ask, what answers i can get, and which is the best db processing for me?
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OLAP
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Is this communication channel, comunication moves in both directions but not at the same time
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half duplex
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if you use cable tv, and cable internet, you have this type of comm channel
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full duplex
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bandwidth refers to the capacity of data that a medium can carry out. T or F?
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True
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Of the wired media, this is the fastest?
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Fiber optics
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This type of media requires a straight line of sight path for transmission.
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Microwave
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Most secure media?
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Fiber Optics
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This device determines the next destination for incoming data then forwards it to that destination
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router
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this device often works to connect different networks together
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gateway
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ISUnetwork would best be considered a ...
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MAN
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Data redundency can lead to problems with...
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data integrity
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Windows ___ is a family of microsoft operating systems included with or embedded into a small computer device.
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Embedded
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___ supports top-down query driven analysis.
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OLAP
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Multitasking allows more than one person to use a computer system at the same time. T or F?
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False
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___ allows users to explore corporate data from a number of different perspectives
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OLAP
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___ refers to the idea that application programs can be developed by a programmer without a thorough understanding of computer systems hardware.
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hardware independence
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One of the advantages of the database approach to data management is the standardization of data. T or F?
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True
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A computer system that can smoothly handle an increasing number of concurrent users exibits ...
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scalability.
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