第６課・上級へのとびら Grammar From 文法ノート

Front 1

試験が終わってから、答えを間違えたことに気がつけました。

Back 1

After the test ended, I realized that the answers were wrong.

Hint 1

S　ことに気がつく
means: notice (that~); realize that ~

Notice that the presence of こと in a sentence using this grammar may not always be the nominalizer meaning "that." It could be a noun meaning "thing" following the noun–typed usage of this grammar.

Front 2

なかなか面白いことにき気がつきました。

Back 2

I noticed that there are some pretty interesting things.

Hint 2

N　に気がつく。

Means: notice (that~); realize that ~

Notice that the presence of こと in a sentence using this grammar will not always be the nominalizer meaning "thing." It could be the Sこと form for statements using this grammar.

Front 3

子供達が幸せな人生が送れるようにと願っています。

Back 3

I hope that the children can be sent a happy life.

Hint 3

S–plain.nonpast ように（と）願う
Means: hope that ~
And is used to express the speaker's hope or desire that what is stated in the sentence will become a reality.

Front 4

弟が大学の入学試験に合格できるようにと毎日祈っています。

Back 4

I am praying every day that my younger brother will be able to pass the university entrance exam.

Hint 4

V.nonpast.plan. ように（と）祈る
Means: pray that ~
Used to express the speaker's hope or desire that what is stated in the sentence will become a reality.

Front 5

寿司が好きな人もいるし、嫌いな人もいる。

Back 5

There are people who like sushi and there are people who don't like sushi.

Hint 5

N1も　V–plainし　N2もV
Means: some do ~ and others do ~; sometimes ~ and sometimes ~; do ~ and ~ among other things, and more (pg 142 in とびら）

Front 6

この教科書は、会話も練習できるし、文化も学べます。

Back 6

With this textbook you can practice conversation and study culture among other things.

Hint 6

N1も V–plain　し、N2も V

Means: do ~ and ~ among other things; sometimes ~ and sometimes ~; ~ and also ~; ~ and ~ as well; other meanings exist: pg 142 in とびら

Front 7

寿司好きな人もいれば、嫌いな人もいます。

Back 7

There are people who like sushi and there are people who don't like sushi.

Hint 7

N1も V–conditional, N2 も　V。
Means: some do ~ and others do ~; do ~ and ~ among other things; sometimes ~ and sometimes ~; there are times when ~ and times when ~; ~ and also ~; ~ and ~ as well.
This sentence structure is used to present some members in a group, things in a category, actions someone takes, characteristics of something/someone, etc. among others. Although the form of the verb here is conditional, the meaning is NOT conditional in its usage.

Front 8

この教科書は、会話も練習できれば、文化も学べます。

Back 8

With this textbook you can practice conversation and study culture among other things.

Hint 8

N1も V–conditional, N2 も　V。
Means: some do ~ and others do ~; do ~ and ~ among other things; sometimes ~ and sometimes ~; there are times when ~ and times when ~; ~ and also ~; ~ and ~ as well.
This sentence structure is used to present some members in a group, things in a category, actions someone takes, characteristics of something/someone, etc. among others. Although the form of the verb here is conditional, the meaning is NOT conditional in its usage.

Front 9

漢字を勉強する時いつも、如何してこんなたくさん漢字があるのだろうかと思う。

Back 9

Every time I study kanji, I ask myself why there are so many of them.

Hint 9

Sの（だろう／でしょう）か

Means: I wonder ~
Indicates a self–addressed question which can either be a yes–no question or a wh– question.

Front 10

絶対に怒らない人がいるのだろうか。私は絶対にそんな人はいないと思う。

Back 10

I wonder if there are people who don't get angry no matter what. I think there are definitely not people like that.

Hint 10

（そんな／あんな／こんな）N
そんな／あんな：
Means: that kind of ~; ~like that
あんな：
Means: this kind of ~; ~ like this

these words are synonymous with そういう、ああいう、こういう respectively and are a bit more colloquial than them.

Front 11

学校が終わって、子供達はそれぞれ自分の家に帰って行った。

Back 11

At the end of school, the children went home to each of their own houses.

Hint 11

それぞれ Predicate
Means: each; one's own; in one's own way
それぞれ is used to focus on each individual or thing in a group of people or things, and means "each (one of them)."

Front 12

それぞれの国には、それぞれの文化や習慣がある。

Back 12

Each country has it's own culture and traditions.

Hint 12

それぞれ のN
Means: each; one's own; in one's own way
それぞれ is used to focus on each individual or thing in a group of people or things, and means "each (one of them)."

Front 13

来月山田先生が結婚するらしいですよ。

Back 13

It seems that professor Yamada is getting married next month.

Hint 13

〜らしい。
Means: seem; apparently; I heard that ~; it looks like

The auxiliary i–adjective らしい is used to express the speaker's conjecture based on what he/she has learned through an information source or his/her own observation

Front 14

先輩によると、あの先生の授業は大変らしい。

Back 14

According to my upperclassmen, it seems that teacher's lessons are really difficult.

Hint 14

〜らしい。
means: Seem; apparently; I heard that~; it looks like

Nによると。
Means: according to N

Front 15

外国語が上手になりたかったら、あきらめないで毎日勉強し続けることが大切です。

Back 15

If you want to become skilled at a foreign language, it is important to continue studying everyday.

Hint 15

V−masu　続く
Means: continue to; continue V–ing; go on V–ing; keep (on) V–ing;all the way; all the time

This phrase is used when the subject continues doing something volitionally.

Front 16

たけしさんはコンピュータゲームばかりしていて全然勉強しないそうです。

Back 16

It seems that Takeshi is always only playing computer games and never studies.

Hint 16

VNばかりする
Means: Nothing But; always; all the time

ばかり is used to express the idea that someone does one thing all the time and does nothing else, or that someone chooses just one thing among others when doing something.
Ex: 田中さんはマンガばかり読んでいる。 can mean: (= All tanaka does is read comics); (= Tanaka reads only comics); (=When Masao reads, he reads nothing but comics)

NOTE: ばっかり is more colloquial than ばかり

Front 17

ルームメイトは、毎日寝てばかりいる。授業に行かなくてもいいのかなあ。

Back 17

My roommate does nothing but sleep everyday. I wonder if he doesn't have to go to his lessons.

Hint 17

V−te ばかりいる。
Means: Nothing But; always; all the time

ばかり is used to express the idea that someone does one thing all the time and does nothing else, or that someone chooses just one thing among others when doing something.
Ex: 田中さんはマンガばかり読んでいる。 can mean: (= All tanaka does is read comics); (= Tanaka reads only comics); (=When Masao reads, he reads nothing but comics)

NOTE: ばっかり is more colloquial than ばかり

Front 18

田中さんとばかり遊ぶ。

Back 18

Play only with Tanaka.

Hint 18

N (Prt) ばかり　V

V−te ばかりいる。
Means: Nothing But; always; all the time

ばかり is used to express the idea that someone does one thing all the time and does nothing else, or that someone chooses just one thing among others when doing something.
Ex: 田中さんはマンガばかり読んでいる。 can mean: (= All tanaka does is read comics); (= Tanaka reads only comics); (=When Masao reads, he reads nothing but comics)

NOTE: ばっかり is more colloquial than ばかり

Front 19

「真っ」の発音
真っ赤
真っ青
真北
真っ昼間
真下
真夜中

Back 19

まっか：bright/deep red; flushed

Hint 19

(of face)
まっさお：deep blue; ghastly

Front 20

東京は電車矢地下鉄やバスが便利な街なので、車がなくても生活できると言うわけです。

Back 20

Tokyo has convenient streets, trains, subways and buses, that's why even without a car you can go about life.

Hint 20

~わけだ。
is used in 3 situations. For this one it is (1) when a speaker provides the reason for a previous statement.
Means: The reason is that ~; It means that ~; That's why~; No wonder~; naturally

Front 21

A)　このレストランの料理がおいしくない。
B）行きたくないわけですね。

Back 21

A) This restaurant's food is not good.
B) That's why you don't want to go, isn't it?

Hint 21

~わけだ。
Means: The reason is that~; it means that~; that's why~; no wonder~; naturally

Can be used in 3 situations, here it is (2) when a speaker reaches a logical conclusion based on what he/she has learned from the hearer or has discovered.

Front 22

あっ、ヒーターが止まっている。寒いわけだ。

Back 22

Ah, the heater has stopped. That's why it's cold!

Hint 22

〜わけだ。
Means: The reason is that~; it means that~; that's why~; no wonder~; naturally
Is used in 3 ways, her
e it is (3) when the speaker understands the reason for what he/she has learned from the hearer or what he/she has discovered.
(here, she's discovered it's cold and now knows the reason, so she exclaims "that's why...")

Front 23

今日は忙しいけど、来週の日曜日でよければ、一緒に行けるよ。

Back 23

Today I'm busy, but if next sunday is all right we can go together.

Hint 23

N でよければ
Means: if ~ is all right; if ~ works; if ~ is acceptable; if you don't mind

it presents a condition for doing something. it is also used when the speaker politely offers something to the hearer.

Front 24

この辞書のサイトは結構便利なので、よく使う。

Back 24

This dictionary website is pretty convenient so I often use it.

Hint 24

結構 (A/ANa +だ)
Means: fairly; pretty; rather; quite

The adverb 結構 indicates that the speaker feels that the degree/level/amount/etc. of something is not high, but is higher than average

Front 25

結構上手に書く；
結構誰とでも話す；
結構昔からある

Back 25

to write fairly well;
to talk with pretty much anyone;
to have been, since a pretty long time ago

Hint 25

結構 Verb Phrase

Means: fairly; pretty; rather; quite

The adverb 結構 indicates that the speaker feels that the degree/level/amount/etc. of something is not high, but is higher than average

Front 26

この携帯電話のコマーシャルはなかなか面白い。

Back 26

This cell phone commercial is pretty interesting.

Hint 26

なかなか (A/ANa+だ)
Means: quite; fairly; pretty; considerably

なかなか is synonymous with 結構 except that なかなか is NOT usually used with adj and adv with negative meanings, such as つまらない or 不便. Note that なかなか is used with the speaker is impressed by the way something/someone is or the way someone does something.

Front 27

これはなかなか上手に描けたと思う。

Back 27

I think this was drawn quite well.

Hint 27

なかなか Adv
Means: quite; fairly; pretty; considerably

なかなか is synonymous with 結構 except that なかなか is NOT usually used with adj and adv with negative meanings, such as つまらない or 不便. Note that なかなか is used with the speaker is impressed by the way something/someone is or the way someone does something

Front 28

A)　ねえ、あの人、どこかで見たことない？
B）そう言えば、昔、どこかで会ったことがあるような気がする。

Back 28

A) hey, have I seen that person somewhere before?
B) Indeed, I get the feeling that I've met that person before a long time ago.

Hint 28

そう言えば
Means: That reminds me; Now i remember; indeed

This conjunctive phrase is used when the speaker is reminded of something by the hearer's remark or the speaker's own remark.

Front 29

この本を読むと、昔のギリシャにも日本のように色々な神様がいたということがよく分かる。

Back 29

If you read this book, you will understand well that ancient Greece, like Japan, had various deities.

Hint 29

S–plain ということ(が、を、etc)
General meaning: that; V–ing

changes a sentence into a noun clause, but does not add any meaning. The noun clause can be marked by が、を, etc. This phrase is usually used in WRITTEN language.

Front 30

この映画は午後７時からとなっています。

Back 30

This movie happens to start at (goes from) 7 PM.

Hint 30

AはBとなっている。
where B = Noun or noun equivalent such as "# + counter" or "N + Prt"

Meaning: happen to be; it turns out that ~; it's been decided that~; the rule is that ~

indicates that what is stated in the preceding AはB sentence is something beyond the speaker's control. The sentence is often findings or matters decided by others. Note that だ does not occur after B in the sentence.