Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What type of radiation does mammography use? |
xray |
|
|
What are the advantages to mammography technology? |
cheap available low radiation sens to early detection (2 c of death, 1 in 8 women) |
|
|
When are mammos done? |
after age 50 40 if risk (family or dense breasts) |
|
|
How do mammography pathologies appear? |
star-like, adhesions in line or cluster |
|
|
What positions? |
4 routine: cranio-caudal MLO (mediolateral oblique) Add'l: ML (lateral)--by request or if only one side |
|
|
Why compression? |
so that organ is thinner, less radiation and less chance of movement |
|
|
What is breast tissue made from? |
mostly fat, also glandular and connective |
|
|
What are fibro-dense breasts? |
less fat, more connective and glandular tissue--harder to detect masses in imaging |
|
|
How do the images appear? |
fat appears dark, masses look white, connective and glands appear white (so mass is white on white) dense breasts need more types of imaging |
|
|
Breast density has the ____ natural contrast. |
least |
|
|
Use __ kv for best contrast in mammography. |
low (20-30) |
|
|
Modern mammography recognizes growths ___. |
4 mm |
|
|
Liquid in cysts appear ___ in black. |
black |
|
|
What other images are used in breast imaging? |
US (can detect between liquid and solid, used to guide biopsy) MRI: better contrast used for people with positive genes used for implants used to detect stage |
|
|
What is a parparot? |
a mass that is imaged to check that it's complete |
|
|
What are the parts of a mammogram machine? |
top to bottom: xray tube tube port filtration collimation compression paddle grid screen/film |
|
|
What size is the focal spot (moked amiti) in mammography? |
very small--.1-.3 mm |
|
|
What is the mammography anode made from? |
molivdinum (sometimes rodium) |
|
|
What type of radiation is produced? |
characteristic |
|
|
What type of filter is used in mammography? |
malidinum, absorbs rays over 20 kv, improves contrast (opp of aluminum filter in xray) |
|
|
How does the tube window function in mammography? |
as a filter, made from berlium (atomic #4) so doesn't absorb any kv |
|
|
What grid ratio is used for mammography? |
low, since kv is low |
|
|
What is the bucky factor? |
The calculation of the ration of radiation without a grid to with a grid (no grid is 1, high grid ratio 16:1 is 6) |
|
|
How did digital technology improve mammography? |
improved contrast and resolution (little noise since MAS in not low) |
|
|
What is AEC? |
automatic exposure control (to optimize radiation dose and noise) uses ionization cells and phototimer (small cells) |
|
|
How do we improve contrast in mammography? |
|
|
|
What is the goal of magnification in mammography and how is it done? |
to see small adhesions, done by distancing breast from IR without distancing from tube doesn't hurt resolution in mammography |
|
|
What is a phantom check? |
"fake body parts" used to test imaging |
|
|
What is tomo? |
Tomosynthesis, a 3d imaging fro breasts using slices like CT, but part of mammo machine (and image looks like mammo) depends on dr order, usually do mammo and tomo |
