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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the four types of units of radiation? |
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What are the three types of radiation exposure? |
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Radiation safety involves what three factors? |
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Exposure measures what and in what units? |
Total radiation to human body. Units are measured in Roentgen units--number of ions per kg of air (charge) |
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What is the absorbed dose? |
How much the body absorbed out of the total dose (measured in Gray, 1 Gray=100 Rad). In imaging we measure in miligray. |
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What is the dose equivalent? |
מנה אקוויולנטית Refers to amount of biologic damage in tissues |
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How is the dose equivalent calculated? |
Absorbed dose × QQ is a factor attributed to the type of radiation (x-ray Q=1, everything else will be higher) |
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In what units is the dose equivalent measured? |
SV (siev) or REM (1 SV = 100 REM) |
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What is the effective dose? |
Refers to amount of biological damage in terms of how sensitive the specific tissue is to radiation. |
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How is the effective dose calculated? |
Equivalent dose × sensitivity factor |
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In what units is the effective dose measured? |
Siev or REM 1 SV = 100 REM |
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In what units are the four types of doses measured? |
Absorbed 》 grAy or rAd Equivalent 》 siEv or rEm Effective 》 siEv or rEm eXposure 》Roentgen |
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What is the biological effect? |
The effect of radiation on a living cell, can be immediate, delayed, or genetic |
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The amount of biological damage depends on: |
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True or False. Exposure to a small area of a high amount of radiation (radiation therapy) has lower damage. |
True |
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Connective tissue, nerves, and limbs are ____ sensitive to radiation. |
less |
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Younger tissue, with more basic functions, includes more oxygen and is ____ sensitive to radiation. |
More (bone marrow, reproductive organs, babies) |
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What are the two types of biological effects of radiation? |
דטרמיניסט סטוכסט Determinist and stockist |
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What is the determinist effect? |
Certain to occur above a certain level of high radiation. Does not happen in diagnostic radiation. Immediate and serious:
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What are סטוכסטיות effects? |
Delayed effects that may or may not occur in low levels of exposure (under 10 rad/.1 gray), depending on protection. Not immediate. Can be genetic (in desvendents) or somatic (in patient).
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True or false. Occupational radiation dose has a small effect on life expectancy as compared to other risks such as home accidents. |
True |
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What organization regulates radiation exposure to workers? |
ICRP International Commission on Radiation Protection |
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What are three factors to consider when determining exposure? |
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What are the three standards used to verify justification? |
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How can we optimize the image? |
ALARA As low as reasonably achievable radiation to get as much diagnostic information as possible |
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How do we establish dose limits? |
Use ICRP limits to a |
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Give two examples of REM limits (per year). |
5 REM total body to radiographer .5 REM total body to pregnant radiographer (not including medical) |
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When are exceptions made to the limits for radigraphers? |
Lifesaving situations like after Chernobyl |
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True or false. Radiation exposure can be internal or external. |
True |
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What are the three methods of protection? |
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