Treaty of Lausanne

Nihilism: a viewpoint that traditional values and beliefs are unfounded and that existence is senseless and useless (Merriam-Webster). The origin of the word is from the early 19th century, where the Latin root “nihil,” meaning nothing, was combined with the English suffix “ism.” (Merriam-Webster) While the word “nihilism” was first heard in the 19th century, it is generally associated with the Lost Generation or the Roaring 20s in America. After coming home from the Great War, now know as…

of the most in depth and interesting takes on the Paris Peace Conference of 1919. MacMillan makes the argument that the Paris Peace Conference and the Treaty of Versailles did not lead to World War II which is not a common belief among many other historians and lay people. Many find it impossible to separate the Paris Peace Conference and the Treaty of Versailles form the rise of Adolf Hitler and the mobilization of the ideology of ethnic nationalism that came to a head in 1930s Germany.…

Throughout war, death, and defeat, millions of words are spoken and the majority are damaging. In the novel, The Book Thief by Markus Zusak, the language are gut-wrenching. The protagonists undergo great changes throughout the story. This is shown in Max Vandenburg, a Jewish man who left his mother for safety from Nazis. While in Nazi Germany, he undergoes challenges. During this time, he learns to be thankful. While spending his life in silence and hiding from the world. Hans Hubbermann is a…

The answer lies in the historical background leading up to the formation of the League of Nations. The LN was a massive endeavor aimed at controlling or limiting various aspects of the independent militaries as well as the European economy. The treaty of Versailles attempted to govern much more that had ever been attempted to govern before – there was territorial resettlement, there were war settlements, there was society rebuilding, etc. All this leads to the issue: what is doing the enforcing…

exhibit parallels. The treaties of Vienna and Versailles show these parallels, even being a century apart. These treaties share the prominent similarity of their goals towards security, leveling, and peace throughout Europe. But their historical applicability evoke differences in their processes towards peace. The Congress of Vienna took on the monumental task of reassigning territory to each country after Napoleon had skewed borders and leadership over his acquisitions and the Treaty of…

The key question of whether or not early European expansion and if it was inevitable is a question still debated to this day. It a tough question but not impossible as demonstrated through Alfred Crosby with “Ecological Imperialism”. Alfred W. Crosby speaks on the origins of European domination over the western world. He focuses on Neo-Europeans as well as North and South America, Australia, and New Zealand. In the prologue, he speaks to how Europeans dominated their environment and other…

Maori and non-Maori in New Zealand. Belgrave sheds light on nuances of the Treaty of Waitangi and the Waitangi Tribunal that are not commonly known. Belgrave provides evidence on various historical case studies to prove that attitudes towards the Treaty of Waitangi, and interpretations of it have been changing since the establishment of the Waitangi Tribunal. The central argument of this book is that interpretations of the Treaty of Waitangi have changed exponentially since the establishment of…

From 1914-1918, Americans were concerned with the war in Europe and the United States’ eventual involvement in 1917. Prior to 1917, Americans did not want to be involved with WWI just as Americans didn’t want to be involved in WWII in the early 1940’s. Despite America’s desire to remain out of the war (Leuchtenburg 12), German attacks on U.S. ships in both wars forced the hands of the Presidents. Charlie Chaplin’s, Shoulder Arms (1918), came out at the end of WWI and made the U.S. public aware…

The perceptions of war were changed when confronted with the realities of World War One. This statement is significantly true as viewpoints of war were dramatically alternated which can be seen through primary sources from before, during and after World War One (herein known as WW1). The poem ‘Young Chivalry’ written by Alan Gross in 1914 is a source that represents the perception of war before the outbreak of WW1. Next, a letter written in 1915 by Vernon Keyworth Boynton to his sister,…

Patricia Grace is one of New Zealand’s foremost Maori authors. Her novel Potiki displays many aspects of Maori culture. One important conflict in the novel is the different value money has between the tribe (the Tamihana family) and the dollarman. The different value that it has proves to be an important conflict in the novel as it conveys the message of the tribes independence without the large influence of money. This essay will discuss the different value of money by focussing on the…