Transubstantiation

Zwingli expressed his views of the Lord’s Supper like the Catholic Church’s view. He states that Christ’s presence in the sacrament is to be explained in terms of the doctrine of transubstantiation, which applies that when the priest says the words of consecration, the substance of bread and wine is transformed into the body and blood of Christ. The properties of the bread and wine, however, remain the same. Zwingli also emphasizes that…

Violence has perhaps become commonplace to the modern generation. It seems to be the figurative salt and pepper of every television show, cartoon, novel and video game. Has this violent saturation of all things pop culture desensitized modern readers to the point of ignorance? This would be a most unfortunate conclusion considering the deliberation of violence found in Thomas C. Foster’s How to Read Literature Like a Professor. His “nothing is as simple as it seems” approach to violence in…

Review: Luther, Martin. Three Treatises. Lehmann, Helmut T., Ed. Fortress Press. Philadelphia, PA. 1966. In 1517, Martin Luther, the famed reformer of the Protestant Reformation, nailed his ninety-five theses to the Castle Church door in Wittenburg, Germany after which debate, and protest would spread like wildfire. By 1520, Luther had written several treatises, however, three of the most polemic treatises, To the Christian Nobility of the German Nation, The Babylonian Captivity of the Church,…

The Reformation period took place during 1300-1500 A.D. The Reformation was a response to the Roman Catholic Church which had become corrupt by its leadership and practices. This was also during the Renaissance era, which means “rebirth” (HIST 1). The Italian philosopher, Marsilio Ficino wrote, “If we are to call any age golden, it is beyond doubt that age which brings forth golden talents in different places. That such is true of this our age [no one] will hardly doubt.” This ushered in the age…

become merchants, and by such, opportunity was open that had survived.There were many of Wycliffe’s ideas that had undermined the influence of the Catholic Church, these, mentioned, I have found most outstanding. Wycliffe, himself, was against transubstantiation, and within his idea he mentioned that "The bread while becoming by virtue of Christ 's words the body of Christ does not cease to be bread." He also seemed to challenge indulgences, put to terms the biblical faith in his own, and showed…

There have been several issues with the Catholic Church within the past centuries. Some hadn 't thought to question the ways of the Church–– but some had taken actions into accord when reform was requested or needed. The Nineteenth Ecumenical Council–– which was moreover known as the Council of Trent, had played a role in the reform on the Catholic Church. It was also considered to be one of the most important councils throughout the history of Roman Catholic Churches. Before the formation of…

Gulliver. Swift uses satire and imagery to convey selfishness by deciding whether “flesh be bread, or bread be flesh.” This minor satiric incident is what has caused “many millions of lives.” In addition bread turning to flesh resembles the transubstantiation in the Holy Communion which is ironic because the Last Supper was supposed to be a celebratory meal free of ambiguity and being able to go to heaven but if wars are coming out of it, it devalues the meal. In addition Swift uses visual…

Science is often proven by studies and theoretical factual evidence, but the same can be said for the Bible. The Bible does present realistic verification to support how certain events may have taken place. These events have been proven to correlate with historical text and depictions such as drawings and written record in assorted languages which have nothing to do with religion or Christianity. History has always been explained through testament, but will always require some form of…

’ What was complained by Seripando, an active participant of the Council, was written to the Pope in 1555, saying that ‘There is nothing in the council it has had no effect whatsoever.’ It is true that much of the doctrines discussed like transubstantiation, moral conduct of the clergy, justification, Purgatory, and confirmation of the Latin Vulgate did not take on extreme Lutheran reform. In despite of the defeat the Protestants had faced after the Council concluded, the question to ask if…

Rebecca Earle’s work The Body of the Conquistador explores the connections made between the body and food consumed in Colonial Latin America. Rebecca Earle argues that the Spanish put emphasis on eating and cultivating old world food in the new world because of religion as well as because of their fear of turning into Amerindians, which in turn would mean that they would lose their beards and change skin colors. The Spanish colonists’ fear came from the idea humoralism or the layman’s definition…