Set theory

and Ontology The research will be based on the paradigm of scientific realism, according to which the only reliable means of achieving knowledge about the world is scientific research, the result of which is interpreted with the help of scientific theories. This approach will explain the causal relationship between ineffectiveness of rehabilitative justice and possible causes of it. Epistemology in the research is positivism. Crowther-Dowey and Fussey (2013, p.40) claim that ‘in criminology,…

discussed for hundreds of years. One of the issues that is central to the division of international relations is the idea of security. The topic of security contains many different aspects all of which can be addressed differently depending on the theory. When discussing security there are four main questions: what is security, whose security is being discussed, what counts as a security issue, and how can security be achieve. In the field of international relations…

Can something be accurate and simple simultaneously? Is there a trade-off? Can one not explain all the details of a concept but have it still be simple? First let’s start off with the definition of a trade-off. A trade-off is a balance achieved between two desirable incompatible features; a compromise. The definition of a trade-off suggests that you cannot have both accuracy and simplicity because they are incompatible. It also suggests that you have to let go of some of the accuracy as well as…

on in the body, but as the child watched and learned he or she saw the different feelings each individual professed. I believe it was the beauty of nature and life that provided these children with the learning ability they grasp as they grew. The theories Watson explained showed that children do not necessarily know everything when they were born, but they were not lifeless. They did have something going on in the brain once they entered into the world. The beauty of the birth of a child was…

Hypotheses are a proposed explanation for a narrow set of phenomena and are usually based on experience, background knowledge, preliminary observations, or logic. Theories are explanations for a wide range of phenomena and can be so broad and powerful that they frame entire disciplines of study. They are often concise, coherent, systematic, and broadly applicable. It is important to remember that hypothesis and theories are not guesses, rather they are ideas and expectations built upon…

auxiliary hypotheses are in the reciprocal logical connections with the hardcore theory. In other words, “the data follow (quasi-deductive) form the auxiliary hypotheses, and the auxiliary hypotheses from the core theory. In that sense, the data that support an auxiliary hypothesis is theory-laden within the larger context of the paradigm. However, in virtue of that very fact, they support the auxiliary hypotheses and the core theory in turn.” Moreover, auxiliary hypotheses may reinforce or be…

deviant? Being such a broad topic, is there really a single theory out there that can explain why deviance occurs. From arguments that it happens because of the culture of the lower class to issues surrounding the ego, or perhaps its environmental factors that explain deviance. I will argue that because deviance is a diverse phenomenon and therefore cannot be explained by any one theory. Beginning with Walter B Miller’s (Miller, 1958) theory, which is based on very niche criteria, lower class…

of work will attempt to evaluate a sports psychology related theory, e.g. the catastrophe model by Fazey and Hardy (1988), which seeks to explain the relationship between sporting performance and anxiety. How this will be done will be through looking in depth firstly at what anxiety is and how it can be created. It will next endeavour to break the catastrophe theory down to its simplest form in an attempt to discover what the theories core elements and beliefs are. How this piece of work will…

decision-making (entrepreneur, disturbance handler, resource allocator and negotiator). However this model came under scrutiny by competing theorists. The author used many examples and refers to experiments done by other academics to criticize Mintzberg’s theory. McCall and Segrist (1980) limited the number of roles Mintzberg claimed, on the basis that certain roles overlapped each other and could not be called separate. Lau, Newman and Broedling (1980) limited the model to four factors…

different activities in the early years’ curriculum. Penny Tassoni (2007) The features that make up the theory include, making up playing rules, having first-hand experience, playing together, pretending, having personal agenda, making props and deep involvement, among others. She believes that children learn a variety of experience which she calls the ‘web of learning’. I agree with Tina Bruce’s theory as I like her way of thinking about how the children learn and she uses the holistic…