Pope

The papal bull ‘Unam Sanctum’ by Pope Boniface VII in 1302 was an attempt by the pope to assert papal authority in a time of conflict with the power of King Phillip “the fair” of France. The separation of church and kings had never been completely separate but this conflict brought the issue to the fore. Boniface was attempting to hold on to papal authority in a time when ‘temporal’ or Kingly power was rising and steadily overlapping with the generally accepted spiritual sphere of authority. He…

This essay will be touching on the topic of Charlemagne the Great and how he influenced the church and community through his actions and beliefs. Charlemagne was one of the many people and events that changed the beliefs and values of the church in the middle ages. After the breakup of the Roman Empire in the late 5th century the empire was in chaos for the next 400 years with no stability and centre of authority it was impossible for the kingdom to function. This was until Charlemagne came…

The Romanian Orthodox In 1054, there was a schism/split between the Roman church (Carnine 62). This was caused by the different beliefs between the popes in the church such as icons (Carnine 62). Icons are a part of new innovations over time because they are still used today to represent words or expressions such as the apple on iphones. This represents the company and the product. “In 730, the Byzantine emperor Leo III banned the use of icons. Icons are religious images used by Eastern…

The Catholic Church was powerful in the Middle Ages. One reason it was so powerful was the organization of the church. The Roman Catholic was organized into an elaborate hierarchy, with the pope as the head in western Europe, with different levels of leadership among the clergy. Individuals began to organize themselves into apostolic communities. The second reason the church was so powerful was wealth. Most people donated ten percent of their income to the church and the church did not pay…

found missionaries, schools, universities and seminaries all around Europe. Saint Ignatius Loyola was significant because he and his Jesuit followers were used by the pope to help reconvert new protestants back to Catholicism in a positive non-violent manner. Saint Ignatius and the Jesuits were very successful in this act, and the pope rewarded them with…

Pope Marcellus Mass: Kyrie, by Palestrina or Missa Papae Marcelli is believed to be written in 1562, this composition is a Renaissance Style Polyphonic mass. It is very much so a Renaissance piece, it was made in 1562 towards the latter end of the Renaissance period, but still very much before the end which around 1600, the piece had four or more melodic fragments performed simultaneously, which is known as Polyphony, a staple of the Renaissance period. Throughout the piece there are no…

There was once a beloved ruler, who encouraged schools and knowledge for everyone, while conquering territory and governing the city to the best of his ability. Charlemagne, also known as Charles the Great, was a widely known emperor who ruled most of Western Europe from 768 to 814. His father, Pepin the Short, was Mayor of the Palace to king, who ruled over the Frankish kingdom for fifteen years until his death in October 768 AD. When his father died, the Franks placed the two brothers,…

The Reconstructionist Martin Luther was sickened when he heard about the selling of indulgences and how the pope would persuade people into buying. The pope would send his salesman and helpers town to town convincing people to pitch in money so that they can “save their friends and relatives” from purgatory. Crowds of people believed this non-sense to supposedly save their loved ones from this false idea, purgatory is when a dead person’s soul is to be purified so that he or she…

In feudal Europe, the Catholic Church created hegemony by using excommunication to establish political control over the kings of Europe. At the end of the 10th century, Pope Gregory V condemned King Robert II of France for marrying his first cousin. Incest was considered a sin by the Catholic Church; therefore the pope did not approve. After the threat of excommunication, Robert “obeyed and married another, and his obedience affirmed Gregory’s authority.” This demonstrated how the Catholic…

favored the formation of general church councils to reduce papal power. In addition, the reformers criticized the papacy, who had seen earlier reform movements and the crusaders alter their original high-minded purposes to suit the ambitions of the popes. The bourgeoisie also affected the reform of the papacy whose realistic outlook was adopting growing skepticism, national patriotism, and…