Penis envy

To be a woman is to be simultaneously hypersexualized and shamed for the sexualization. It is to be called a “prude” if it is rejected while also being called a “whore” if it used as a source of empowerment. There is no middle ground because this sexualization does not stem from women, but from men. Patriarchal power has continually forced upon women what they believe a woman should be, which often is the opposite of man. Femininity is considered to be bipolar of the masculine, so they assume…

Julia Kristeva and Luce Irigaray have differences in each of their philosophical foundations. However, do these two women agree that a fear of a female body has different forms of women’s oppression in Western culture? Julia Kristeva verbalizes about bringing the body back into the discourses in the human sciences, the significance of the maternal body, and about abjection. Luce Irigaray verbalizes about the “new” feminine language to allow women to express themselves verbally. Both women…

Since the beginning of time, women have worked to contribute to their place in society. Stone Age in the twentieth century, individuals and organized groups are of the opinion that women are considered equal, and they promised to do something about it. Perhaps the peak of this movement was observed in the 1960s and 1970s, when the release of the women 's movement is recognized as an organized attempt to achieve equality for women. Early in ancient times, women from prehistory lower division of…

After perceiving Classical conditioning as being too simple to be a complete explanation of human behaviour, Skinner developed an idea, based off Thorndike’s law of effect, that is very important to the Behavioural approach: Operant conditioning. Skinner believed the best way to understand human behaviour is to identify the cause of action and its consequences. From his idea, Skinner studied operant conditioning by conducting experiments using rats, which he placed in a ‘Skinner Box’. This…

However, these theories, especially Freud’s Oedipus and Electra complexes as well as penis envy, are likely a result of cultural norms. Despite this, some studies have indicated that the unconscious is likely to exist, but they have failed to identify a link between the unconscious and personality development. Humanistic Personality Theories…

1. Intersectionality Intersectionality is a framework that acknowledges the multiplicity of identities in marginalized people. It is an awareness of how multiple systems of power act simultaneously on marginalized people: a person’s identities (their race, class, sexuality, gender, age, ability, etc.) are not separate – they are intertwined. Kimberlé Crenshaw coined the term in her 1989 essay “Demarginalizing the intersection of race and sex,” and she expands on it in her 1993 essay “mapping…

Sigmund Freud is known as one of the most well known thinkers in world history. Freud was born May 6, 1856 in Freiberg, Austria which is now known as the Czech Republic. Him and his family moved to Vienna shortly after his birth where he lived for most of his life. Freud entered the University of Vienne at the age of seventeen with full intent on studying law. After studying under well known scientists, he decided on medicine. Freud received his medical degree from University of Vienna in 1881.…

Psychologists have created different theories to explain and determine what it means to have a healthy personality. Sigmund Freud was one of them. It was Freud’s belief that personality characteristics should be fully developed by early childhood. His theories contained the idea that unconscious conflicts and motivations in childhood are the basis for personality and that if a child’s needs are not met; it will result in difficulties in adulthood. Freud created this theory, now referred to as…

Freud’s Psychodynamics and Human Development From Freud’s perspective, humans are driven by hidden forces within the psyche, those forces being sexual urges and aggression (Nye, 2000, p.2). In the process of human development, the id, ego and super-ego are developed, shaping our personality. In evaluating Beth through the lens of Freud, there are a few areas that can be identified as contributors to her aggressive and hostile tendencies and sexually acting out. Freud identified humans as…

Reading Responses Week 5- Psychodynamic Psychology- Chapter 16 While most people are familiar with a number of leading theorists in psychoanalysis, particularly Sigmund Freud, and possibly Adler and Jung, most people would not be familiar with Karen Horney, considered to be the “fist psychoanalytic feminist” (Hergenhahn & Henley 525). Horney disagreed with several concepts introduced by Freud, especially his focus on unconscious sexual motivation and the division of the self into 3 parts: id,…