Offspring

a high chance of possessing and sharing a gene and fitness is measured by the number of copies of a gene passed on through generations. There are two ways in which they can increase their fitness; by mating and directly passing on genes to their offspring, or indirectly by helping other individuals, who are likely to carry the same gene, reproduce successfully. This indirect and direct fitness is known as inclusive fitness and allows for altruism to develop natural selection if the behaviours…

creditability that is needed to support any theory. Darwin 's theory gained its information through Jean- Baptiste Lamark theory on gradual change. He also used the theory 's of Thomas Malthus. Thomas Malthus theory was talking about people producing more offspring than local resources can support. Then he looked at Sir Charlse Lyell theory which entailed that the Earth was millions of times older than was previously thought. By combining all of these theories Darwin recognized it went against…

species follow a system of cooperative breeding, in which helpers within a group help assist in taking care of offspring of other parents. This increases the chance of survival of the offspring, and provides them with care such as grooming, training, and guarding. Because of the way that offspring are raised within cooperative breeding species, the fitness of offspring is greater than offspring who are not given aid by helpers. I will be discussing research done on this phenomena and its effects…

This sleep deprivation study titled Maternal sleep deprivation at different stages of pregnancy impairs the emotional and cognitive functions, and suppresses hippocampal long-term potentiation in the offspring rats was conducted by six researchers known as Peng, Y., Wang, W., Tan, T., He, W., Dong, Z., Wang, Y., & Han H. They proceeded with this study by obtaining male and female Sprague–Dawley rats from Chongqing Medical University Animal Care Centre. Next, they took these rats to the…

teaching, the offspring will have no idea what that means. Many animals look for a mother for guidance and instruction but when that body is not there, they are confused on what to do. Does this mean that the offspring dies without a mothers guidance? In some cases yes, however in most cases no. The offspring are young and their minds are able to process new things a lot more efficiently. It would only take an instance of mating or instruction from another species for the offspring to understand…

model the patriarchal society in the perspective of the dominance of reproduction: in a patriarchal society, male agents have the priority to compete for the empty sites in order to place the offspring. Males without a dominance over at least one empty site cannot successfully mate with others or reproduce offspring. The contest for an empty site follows the rule as follows: the empty site is dominated by the neighboring male agent with locally (i.e. within the von Neumann neighborhood) the…

act on the female, females also have to make a reproductive decision based on whether she is near a food source. Otherwise, she risks dying while she is a gravid female. The female also need to consider if there is a “suitable medium” to lay her offspring nearby otherwise they die (Moore, 2016). This process takes time and energy. So, such constraints in addition to everything I stated above acts on females; therefore, if conditions are unfavorable she may decide; to copulate with any quality…

pets because that is what a veterinarian recommends. Some excuses you hear are: It is too expensive, it is not natural to have them fixed, my friend did not and their animals are fine. Having your pets spayed/ neutering can be expensive but having offspring can be even more expensive. In the end, it is better for you and your pets. The expense is a major issue with spaying and neutering pets. People do not understand how much money they would be saving if they would just spay/neuter their pets.…

article, I can agree that sexual selection plays a very important role in the development of the human mind. Through generations, all living things came to sexual selection as the way out of obtaining an attractive and intelligent (in human cases) offspring. For the most part we expect to be able to explain most of the characteristics of an organism as adaptations; that is we assume that they have been ‘designed’ by natural selection – the filter which only allows the genes of successful…

In a new study published in the Journal of Functional Foods, researchers reveal how exposure to excessive amounts of green tea impaired the reproductive function of fruit flies, as well as the development of their offspring. While it is unclear whether the beverage has the same impact on humans, the team says their findings warrant caution against consuming large amounts of green tea and other nutraceuticals. Green tea is made from fresh leaves of the Camellia sinensis plant. Because green…