John Bowlby

There have been numerous attempts to define resilience. Some of the definitions of resilience highlight it as a process. Cicchetti (1995) defines it as a dynamic developmental process reflecting evidence of positive adaptation despite significant life adversity. The aspect of dynamic developmental process encompasses the attainment of positive adaptation within the context of significant adversity (Luthar, Cicchetti, & Becker, 2000; Masten 2001). Emmy Werner was one of the first pioneers in the…

Attachment is a desire for physical closeness with someone. Pertaining to attachment within infancy it has “been viewed as the foundation for future relationships, as the basis for confidence and curiosity as toddlers, and as important influences of self-concept.” as stated in our reading material. There are four different types of attachments we went over. Secure if the first type of attachment, about 65% of children in the U.S. are securely attached. This type of attachment is one which a…

Cultural Influences on Infants’ Temperament Nilsen (2014) suggested that along with attachment comes infants’ temperament that is an inborn characteristic trait, in that the expression of emotions are express by infants’ reflexes, joy, and cries that vary in intensity. Some infants express contentment or joy motionless, while other actively express these emotions. Their intensity of their cries are also differ, depending on their temperament instead of their discontent, and change overtime by…

1. Reactive Attachment Disorder can be defined as a serious condition in which infants and/or young children struggle to establish healthy attachments with their main caregivers. 2. A healthy attachment style between a child and their parent starts while the baby is still in the womb. The connection and the desire that healthy children seek, especially when they are scared or hungry, displays a healthy attachment style. 3. Two circumstances that may “rob” children of the opportunity to form a…

We all may wonder what's one of the major key sense our baby sense, one of them is our touch. By you touching your newborn baby it's a vital role that helps you and your baby have that mother and son or mother and daughter bond. Touching your baby also helps you to communicate by he or she letting you know their wants and needs. Also by interacting with people and being able to explore it's surrounding. This sense of touch beings to happen as your early 7 to 8 weeks of pregnancy(Berger). Your…

Attachment is that type of strong bond which is invisible and exists between two or more individuals. These bonds or ties are commonly present between individuals who are familiar with each other such as children and parents. Alternatively, there are some professional bonds which are present between individuals who do not know each other very well. When the emotional side of a person’s mind is burst of feelings, this is known as attachments such as, if you feel that you are in love with…

Attachment theory as conceptualized by Bowlby (1969) is based on the theory infants develop an internal model of parental trust as the parent provides a haven for the child. The individual’s attachment style helps form their personality and is a set trait across their lifetime. As the child grows into adolescence does the attachment style help predict the individual’s adjustment and developmental outcome in home and school? The few studies done on attachment and adjustment in adolescent have…

Bowlby (1969; 1973; 1980) studied attachment theory as a biological ground for comprehending close, secure relationships. He recognized that children’s proximity-seeking behavior towards their mothers is a biological tendency with an evolutionary basis, rather than a learned behavior to satisfy one’s needs. As maintaining closeness is a fundamental need, infants’ behavior is directed towards achieving optimal proximity to the caregiver. Complex behaviors and communication are exhibited by…

After considering the article, it’s clear that the findings from Harlow’s study provided valuable and life changing knowledge to all parents and caregivers worldwide. It was previously thought that forming a close bond with an infant would lead them to be spoiled, but after much research, especially Harry Harlows, it was shown that attachment is actually extremely important for the development of the child. Harlow’s study on the infant monkeys has led to a lot of controversy and uproar. Many…

(Gross and Rolls, pp!!!!!!, 2008). Bowlby – a key figure in the study of attachment – strongly believed that attachment behaviours provide the evolutionary advantage of protection. He hypothesised that we developed a gene to code for attachment, this gene, he speculated, turns on at the start of the crawling phase and subsequently switches off at approximately 3.5 years old – He called this time frame a critical period. This critical period was pivotal to Bowlbys ' theory, he thought that if…