Byzantine Iconoclasm

Rome was alluded to as the “mother of the world” because it was a center of civilization, erudition and administration, but the Western Roman Empire fell because of many reasons, such as poor administration in the 2nd and 3rd century, disease, foreign protectors, reduced Roman population and foreign invasion. After it fell in 410 A.D., the empire went into a time period known as the Dark Ages, where there were many downshifts in society. Some examples of the downshift in society’s progress…

Chapter 13 Txtbk Work RYAN KEI Pg. 357 #2-5 2. The most important event in the unification of the Germanic kingdoms is that they adopting Christianity and Christianity became the official religion of their kindom 3. The three roots of Medieval culture in western europe are the Belief of Roman Catholic church, classical heritage of Rome and the customs of various germanic tribes. 4. The three ways that civilization in western Europe declined after the Roman Empire fell arethe fall of cities,…

Before the First Crusade took place, tensions between Muslims and Christians already existed. Muslims and Christians were both taking pilgrimages to the Holy Land, but each group truly thought the Holy Land belonged to them alone. Seljuk Turks wanted to overtake Islamic regions and regions that did not follow Islam, but they focused more on taking power from other Muslims and not from the “West,” or Christendom. The Turks did attack Byzantium, which was already weak, so the empire had to rely on…

The Survival of the Eastern Empire Essay Constantine’s city was an ideal capitol for the Eastern Roman Empire. Three reasons why Constantine moved the capital of the Roman Empire from Rome to Constantinople where there was an ideal location for trade, it was easier to defend and there was more support for Christianity. First of all, there was an ideal location for trade. According to the article “ The Survival of the Eastern Empire”, “ Waterways, caravan tracks and paved Roman road made…

The world “crusade” is a word we don't really hear a lot. We learn it in history, but some people don't even have a clue what a crusade even is, or where it originated from. A crusade is a medieval military expedition, one of a series made by Europeans to recover the Holy Land from the Muslims in the 11th, 12th, and 13th centuries. The crusades involved men and women from every country in Europe. It affected almost every little thing of every day life It even affected the churches, it even…

Political problems were a major factor in the fall of the Western Roman Empire. Many of Rome’s emperors were greedy, cruel, and lacked the skills needed to rule an empire. In addition, multiple emperors were mentally unstable. An outstanding example of an emperor with these traits is Nero. Nero burned down much of the heart of Rome, in order to make a palace to attest to his riches and honor himself. He also thought of himself much like a god and killed his own mother. A large number of Rome’s…

Between 1095 and 1291 the Crusades to the Eastern Mediterranean took place, promoted by the papacy. Rome had been asked by Christian emperor in Constantinople, Alexius Commenus, to assist him in fighting back the Seljuk Turk’s expansion and occupation and recover the lost territories. Pope Urban II added the argument of redeeming the Holy Land from infidel Muslim expansion and occupation and harassing Christian pilgrimage to Jerusalem. Over the course of the Crusades, the many differences…

Paschalis M. Kitromilides explains about collective identity and ethnic loyalties in the Balkans in the late 1990s. Nationalism had generated violence and outrage in 20th century in the region of South-Eastern Europe. During 18th century, the Ottoman Empire established political and social unity in the Balkan region and it’s called Pax Ottomanica. The Ottoman Empire stabilized the external border of the Balkans, although the Ottoman Empire was declining due to increase of Christian population…

It is hard to write the histories of empires’ declines, and even harder to write the history of a three centuries-long unrelenting decline. The Ottomans seem to have made it an Iliadic tale to decline for such a prolonged span of time that one finds oneself remarking on the question itself in favour of another that seems to assume more significance: It is no longer why the Ottoman Empire has eventually disintegrated. It is why it has survived for so long in the first place. Much ink has been…

in illustrating the return of naturalism between early and late medieval periods other is from late medieval years (between 1200 and 1400). This paper also reviews the 'Madonna Enthroned with Angels and Prophets' by Cimabue developed in the Italo-Byzantine period between 1100 and 1300. The 'Vienna Genesis' is a medieval Christian art designated by siglum Ralphs (L). This is an illuminated manuscript with a probable source of Syria in early 6th Century. The 'Vienna Genesis' is the oldest…