Atom Egoyan

Electrons occupy energy levels within an atom when a photon of energy hf is absorbed by an electron in the n=1 level and if the energy is such that the electron is excited and ascends to the n=2 level after some time the electron will then descend back to the n=1 level and a photon of hf will then be emitted again. Each atom has its own unique absorption and emission spectrum this is because each atom has different energy levels and therefore is used to identify atoms in stars. When no magnetic…

and under Ernest Rutherford in Manchester. In 1913 he published his model of the atom, which was based on Rutherford’s planetary model. After his publication of his model he received worldwide fame. Unfortunately, Bohr’s model worked only for hydrogen atoms. Which made the final atomic model yet to be developed. In 1922 he received the Nobel Prize for physics in 1922 for his investigations of the structure of atoms and of the radiation emitting from them. Later on he served as a professor at…

De Broglie’s Hypothesis After Einstein put forth his photoelectric effect, people wondered what about the instances where light behaved as a wave? In 1923, the French physicist Louis de Broglie made an assertion. His Consideration of Einstein's equation of wavelength lambda to momentum p, de Broglie said that the relationship determines the wavelength, in the relationship: λ = h / p Where h is the Planck's constant This wavelength λ is called the de Broglie wavelength.…

For devices on Nano scale classical physics usually cannot explain transmission of electron through the insulating barrier with higher potential energy than kinetic energy of the tunnelling electrons and in this case the Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle takes place. Barrier penetration can be explained from Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle: If we were to say a particle cannot enter a barrier, we would actually say this particle is not there, i.e. its position uncertainty is Δx = 0 in the…

One of the most important physical properties of molecules is their chirality, or lack thereof which is known as achirality. Chirality is defined as the ability of a molecule to exist in two no superimposable images called enantiomers. This means that achirality is the opposite, in which molecule is superimposable on its mirror image. When two molecules are related in the fact that they are stereoisomers of each other, but are not mirror images. In nature chiral molecules do not exist in their…

REACTIONS OF ALDEHYDES AND KETONES ABSTRACT The difference between aldehydes and ketones is by having a hydrogen atom attached to the carbonyl group. This makes the aldehydes very easy to oxidize. Ketones do not have that hydrogen atom and are resistant to oxidation. They are only oxidized by powerful oxidizing agents which have the ability to break the carbon-carbon bonds. This report is about the reactions of aldehydes and ketones. This was done to determine how they react when different…

ore of tin. With many other names, this oxide of tin is the most important raw material in tin chemistry. This colorless, diamagnetic solid is amphoteric. 1.2 Structure It crystallises with the rutile structure, wherein the tin atoms are six coordinate and the oxygen atoms three coordinate. SnO2 is usually regarded as an oxygen-deficient n-type semiconductor.[4] Hydrous forms of SnO2 have been described in the past as stannic acids, although such materials appear to be hydrated particles…

look at the forms of their crystal structures. Sphalerite has a lattice structure that is cubic 2L (1 1) while wurtzite has a hexagonal 3L (3) ~ lattice system. In the figure below (Figure 1), we have constructed a sphalerite model, created with the ATOMS program. The diagram has been labelled with yellow, green, and…

Fig: Schematic representation of LHC and it's detectors The primary objective of LHC is to answer the following questions: 1. Why some particles are heavier than others? If the Higgs mechanism is valid? 2. If the super-symmetry theory is valid? If yes then if super-symmetric particles exist? 3. If the concept of dark matter and dark energy correct? 4. Why our universe is made up of matter only? 5. What was the state of matter in the early universe? 6. What will be the properties…

cylindrical carbon molecules have unusual properties, which are valuable for nanotechnology, electronics, optics and other fields of materials science and technology. Nanotubes are members of fullerene structural family. Nanotube’s walls are formed by one-atom thick sheet of carbon called Graphene. The combination of rolling angle and radius decides the nanotube’s properties. They have extraordinary thermal conductivity, mechanical, and electrical properties. There are two types of CNTs:…