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60 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Why is it important to learn about parenting?
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What attributes describe the nature of parenthood?
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Why is the relationship between parents and children traditionally been viewed as
unidirectional? How is this relationship seen differently today? |
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How have our ideas about parenthood and childhood changed as a result of social evolution over the years?
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What factors significantly influence the contexts of parenting behaviors and parent – child relations?
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Why did our parents parent as the way they did?
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Various theories provide as explanations
Start by understanding the parent – child relationship from an ecological perspective |
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Ecology
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The interdisciplinary scientific study of organisms and their interactions with their environment. Behavioral scientists have taken on this term in the study of human development and social behavior.
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Describe the developmental changes of individuals and families.
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They take place within the context of interactions with changing environmental systems (Bronfenbrenner)
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Examining PC relations
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We examine the context of the various environments that influence and shape adults (behaviorist parents) and also their children.
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Why is parenting one of the most significant and intimate relationships among humans?
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Helps secure child survival
Fulfilling for the parent |
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What type of training does our society provide in preparation for parenthood?
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Our society goes through great lengths to train and prepare people for vocational role, however, no local, state, or federal laws require people to have training or preparation for being a parent.
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What do researchers seek to understand about parenthood?
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How nature of P-C relationship can harm or benefit child development
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Give an example of the prevalence of various maladaptations and adulthood.
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Substance abuse
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What can the prevalence of various maladaptations in adulthood be traced to?
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Family origins
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How do parents socialize their children?
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Children are taught to conform to societal conventions by becoming prosocial
Children must be taught internalize the values held in esteem by the family, the community, and the culture |
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How are her parents responsible for the well-being of their children?
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Until the age of maturity
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When is the age of maturity?
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What is the cutoff date of which the parents are responsible for the well-being of their children for your family?
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What does recent research on the adolescent brain suggest about its maturity?
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The brain is not completely mature until the age of 24
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What is important for parents to learn?
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How to raise children
To understand their child(ren's) developmental needs Be effective in their role |
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What are the parenting roles associated with several different concepts or ideas in our society?
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Nurturers
Teachers Guardians until adulthood |
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Nurturers
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Are dependent upon by their young
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Why are the nurturers depended upon by their young?
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The brain of the human infant is not completely functional at birth and for many years to follow
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Give a reason why the brain of a human infant is not completely functional at birth and for many years to follow?
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They cannot yet perform motor functions such as running to escape danger
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What is the role of the teacher as a child is being raised by the parent(s)?
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Socialization
They are the principal teacher in teaching how to behave, code of conduct, values, decision-making They are also seen as educators and teaching essential skill such as reading, writing, math They are the parents away from home |
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P-C relationship |
Taken for granted
considered the most natural interaction |
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What has parenting traditionally been seen as?
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A unidirectional process
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In the unidirectional process of parenting, how is the child seen?
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As an active learner
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What type of processes parenting currently? Why?
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Bidirectional Process
Children influence parents as much his parents influence children |
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Describe the reciprocal interaction between parent and child.
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Children's developmental changes elicit changes in parenting
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Give an example of the reciprocal interaction between parent and child.
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As the child begins to verbalize by cooing, parents may begin to start trying to elicit words from the child
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What are the characteristics and qualities of
parenting and P-C relations? |
Family systems theory
Parenthood is a developmental role Parenthood is a social construct |
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Family systems theory
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States the relationship between parents and children is the subsystem of the larger societal system we call family
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How is parenthood a developmental role?
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Parenting behavior must adapt incongruence with developmental changes of the child
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How is parenthood a social construct?
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Based on a complexity of values, beliefs, and behaviors that focus on procreation and the need to care for the young
Parenthood is a social expectation |
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What are the historical changes in PC relations seen in ancient Greece and Rome?
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Children and adults
Childhood ended around age 6 at which time adult roles were assumed along with responsibilities, behaviors, and traist expected of adults Education with a privilege restricted to males Domestic skills and home management expected of females Women and children had very few rights Children could be sold into slavery by their fathers |
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What are the historical changes in PC relations in the Middle Ages to the Renaissance?
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Western societies functioned in rural, primitive manner
Parenting not a high priority instead assimilation into the adult world was the goal for children Emotional ties between children and adults were not necessary because the focus was supervision and care Children are viewed as miniature adults |
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What are the historical change of abusive relations and colonial America 1600 – 1800?
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Children seen as bad or evil
Stern discipline and hard labor Prized for their usefulness and the colonization process and for being good source of cheap labor to their families High rate of infant death resulted in greater value Play was considered sinful instead children were occupied by memorizing scriptures and religious songs |
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What led to the unidirectional model of PC relations?
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Children were occupied by memorizing Scripture and religious song during colonial America (1600 – 1800)
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What were the 3 different and contradictory philosophies on how to rear children from the Industrial Revolution 1800 – 1860?
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Calvinism
John Locke's environmentalism Early developmentalism |
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Calvinism
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Stern, harsh use of physical punishment and strict moral instruction
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John Locke's environmentalism
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Tabula rasa
Learning, interactions, and experiences take place in social and physical environments |
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Early developmentalism
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Meeting child's developmental needs
The role that parents play in shaping the child's personality Effects of neglect and harsh punishment on child's development Effects of gentle care and nurturance on child's development |
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What are the historical changes in PC relations of the 21st century and what are the current trends?
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Promotion/study of parenting styles, child rearing experts emerged (often contradictory), poverty, divorce, remarriage, blended family, diversity and family forms and structures
Contemporary social issues |
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What are the 3 parenting styles?
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Permisive
Authoritarian Authoritative |
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Give examples of contemporary social issues of the 20th century.
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Abortion Pro – choice/Right to life 9/11 effects of international terrorism Same-sex marriage, GLBT rights for individuals and parents Problems with public education (no child left behind) Immigration Property Natural disasters (Katrina) Gang violence, substance use, racism Technology and social networking |
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What are the factors that combine to influence your style and form ones parenting blueprint?
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Cultural influences
Developmental time Primary parental functioning |
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Cultural influences
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Social class
Family and peer values related to education and academic achievement Level of independence expected |
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Developmental time
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Young parents
More mature Parental goals may interfere with nurturing roles |
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Primary parental functioning
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Providing structure and nurturance
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Structure
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Boundaries
Self-esteem Safety Security Trust Values Ethics Prosocial character traits Personal responsibility Full functioning individual |
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Nurturance
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Unconditional love
Meeting emotional needs Supportive care |
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Family of origin influences
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Who were your parents' good role models?
What would you imitate/change? What aspects of your parenting would you consider outmoded, inappropriate, unrealistic? |
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Child influences
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Temperament
personality variable |
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PC synchrony
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Effects noted an 11 areas
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What are the 11 areas noted in PC synchrony?
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Parental health
Activities Employment status Financial resources Quality of relationship with spouse Intimate relationships Community interactions Life plans Values Belief systems Sense of personal control |
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Disciplinary approach
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How is power used?
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What are the 3 parts of disciplinary approach?
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Permissive
Authoritarian Democratic |
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Family ecological factors
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Recognizable trends of your system?
Poverty Crime Ethnicity Religion |
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Attitudes about parenting
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Specific beliefs regarding the roles
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