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128 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Name the major issues related to parental abuse and neglect of children.
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Describe the characteristics of abusive parents and their children, and explain major
consequences of abuse for children. |
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Describe intervention strategies that help
parents control their abusive behavior support for children. |
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Describe the impact observed and the family and members when one or both adults are
affected by customs abuse and addictive disorders. |
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Explain the characteristics of codependency and describe the patterns of codependant behavior.
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Describe the kind of roles ascribed to children in codependent the families.
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What the 4 high risks of families?
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Economic
Health Psychological Social |
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What is the focus of Chapter 15?
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The risk as it relates to child abuse and parental addiction and dependency
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In fragile family, what can the family system not withstand?
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The numerous assaults on it it's well-being and may become dysfunctional or disintegrate
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Fragile
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Liable to break
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What happened in extreme cases of fragile
families? |
The family becomes a dangerous place for
children |
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What typically interacts to escalate detrimental effect of the family?
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Several risk factors in which one leads to
another |
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What is a linked to limited resources, economic or otherwise?
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Poverty
All of other factors |
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What are more factors that increase the fragility of families?
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Limited education
Dropping out of school Underserved schools Unwed parenthood Lack of commitment to the family Absent fathers Lack of knowledge concerning child care and parenting Lack of vocational skills Low income jobs Difficulty finding and retaining employment Poor conditions in the family of origin and their role models for a healthy family life Chronic illness Disability Depression Children with behavioral problems Mental illness which is frequently untreated or noncompliant patients who stop treatment Use of illicit substances Addictive disorders Alcoholism Prescription drug abuse Lack of integration to the socialist in the community |
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Give examples of lack of integration into a social or civic community.
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Social groups that support family values
Religious groups that support family values Other groups that support family values |
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Every minute, how many reports of child
maltreatment are received by state and local agencies in the US each year? |
6 reports
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How many victims of child abuse or neglect are treated in hospital emergency room in the US each year?
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740,000 victims
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In 2008,, the children were found to be victims of maltreatment by child protective services?
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772,000
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What percent of child victims experienced
neglect? |
78%
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What percent were physically abused?
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17%
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How many were sexually abused?
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10 % |
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How many report of child maltreatment are received every minute by state and local agencies in the US each year? |
6 reports |
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How many victims of child abuse or neglect are treated in hospital emergency room in the US each year? |
740,000 victims |
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How many children were going to be victims of maltreatment by child protective services in 2008? |
772,000 victims |
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What percent of child victim experience neglect? |
78% |
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What percent of the victims were physically abused? |
Almost 17% |
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What percent of the victims were sexually abused? |
Fewer than 10% |
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What age group had the highest rates of victimization? |
Children from birth to age 1 at 20 per 1000 children |
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What is the number of neglected or abused children in the US? |
About 1 in 50 infants |
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What percent of those that are more neglected or abused in the US were newborns? |
1/3 |
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Who have the highest rates of victimization? |
Caucasians at 44.8% |
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What percentage of African-American children had the highest rates of victimization? |
21.9% |
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What percentage of Hispanic children had the highest rate of victimization? |
21.4% |
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In 2008, what was the estimated number of children that die from abuse or neglect? |
1740 children |
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How many children were killed as a result of abuse were younger than 4 years old? |
79.4% |
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What population have the highest rate of totality from child abuse or neglect? |
Infant boys |
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Of child fatalities, what were attributed to neglect? |
32.6% |
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What were major contributors to fatality? |
Physical abuse Sexual abuse |
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What percent of fatalities are caused by multiple types maltreatment? |
More than 40% |
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Of the perpetrators, what percent with the parents? |
80% |
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Were the perpetrators male or female, fathers or mothers? |
Female perpetrators, mostly mothers, outnumbered men |
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Of all the parents who were perpetrators, what percent inflicted sexual abuse? |
Fewer than 8% |
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Who were more than half of all reports of child abuse and neglect made by? |
Professionals |
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Give examples of the professionals that made reports. |
Medical personnel Teachers Police Attorneys Social services staff |
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Who else contributed to more than half of the reports of child abuse and neglect? |
Neighbors Friends Relatives |
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Where do you some people feel free to harm each other and physical, sexual, emotional, or other appropriate ways? |
Only within the intimacy of family systems |
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What played a major role in focusing public attention on the issue of violence toward women and children, wife battery, marital rape, and incest? |
The women's movement |
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Child maltreatment or abuse |
Behavior that causes a significant harm to child and/or when someone knowingly fails to prevent serious harm to a child |
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Physical abuse |
Often the most easily spotted form of abuse |
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Give examples of physical abuse. |
Hurting Injuring Inflicting pain Smothering Drowning Poisoning |
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Sexual abuse |
Direct or indirect sexual exploitation, coercion, or correction by involving children in inappropriate sexual activities can be physical, sexual, emotional, verbal, or a combination of any or all of these |
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Emotional abuse |
Repeatedly rejecting, humiliating, and denying their worth and rights as human beings |
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Neglect |
The persistent lack of appropriate of care children including love, simulations, safety, nourishment, warmth, education, and medical attention |
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Give examples of neglect. |
Failing to supervise children Failure to properly provide for their nutritional needs Excessive punishment Child abandonment Infanticide Murder of children Abandonment of a child's corpes |
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Violence |
A broad concept that includes of force against family members which often fall under the guise of discipline and parental control children |
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Where can violence and family be directed? |
Children Adults |
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Who are typically the perpetrators of violence? |
Parents Adolescent children |
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What is the focus of models on family violence? |
The reasons why parents and children act violently toward each other |
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What are the 7 basic theoretical model of family violence? |
Psychiatric model Ecological model Physiological model Social psychological model Patriarchy model Exchange/social control model Information – processing approach |
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Psychiatric model |
Assumes that piece of individuals in the family system of deviant or mentally and/or emotionally ill |
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Ecological model |
Examines the child in the family from a systems theory perspective |
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Sociological model |
Social values and attitudes about violence the shape behavior in family system |
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Social psychological model |
Covers a variety of approaches that explain violence among family members |
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Patriarchy model |
Emphasizes that violence occurs in families as a result of the traditional social dominance of adult males, which places women in a subordinate position and condone the use of violence to support male dominance |
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Exchange/social control model |
Suggests that violence occurs in families when the costs of being violent do not outweigh the rewards |
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Information – processing approach |
Proposes that neglectful parents failed to process information about children's need for care, which leads to physical neglect, a form of maltreatment |
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What are the 2 ways in which a cycle of manifests? |
Family history of abuse A 3 phase sequence leading to violence |
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Family history of abuse |
A parent who was abused themselves are more likely to then abuse their own children |
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A 3 phase sequence leading to violence |
Increasing tension Loss of control manifested by violent behavior Reconciliation period characterized by contriteness and victim's forgiveness |
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How do researchers describe several psychosocial variables that are related to the incidenceand variety of violent behaviors expressed in families? |
Socioeconomic status Stress Social isolation Family form |
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What percent of physical abuse of children may be associated with parental substance or chemical dependency abuse? |
50 – 90% |
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What partdoes the association between parental substance of capital dependency abuse play? |
Impairs judgment Increases in irritability Enhances emotional depressive reactions |
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In the association between parental substance or chemical dependency abuse and abuse and neglect of children, what increases the likelihood of mistreatment? |
All factors |
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Who is generally aware that they are having an extremely difficult time dealing with a child's behavior? |
The parent |
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What typically reflect a rigid, harsh, authoritarian approach? |
Child rearing patterns |
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Who do statistics point to the mother or the father as being more likely to be the abusive parent? |
Mother |
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What is the most frequently reported type of maltreatment of all reporting child abuse in the US? |
Physical and emotional neglect |
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What percent of all reported child abuse in the US is physical and emotional neglect of children? |
78% |
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What may have happen to parents caught and reported the first time? |
They may have recently experienced a family crisis |
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What are some family crisis that the family might have experienced? |
Illness Divorce Desertion |
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What conditions do these parents often live in? What do these parents experience? |
Poverty High levels of stress that are accompanied by depression and anxiety |
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Are many parents who physically abuse children are aware of what they are doing is wrong and harmful? |
No |
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What do parents have about using physical punishment to teach children how to behave? |
Strong beliefs |
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How do these parents respond to children's misbehavior? |
They have a low tolerance |
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What types of situations do the parents find themselves in? |
Those that are highly stressful, without official support, and without adequate coping skills |
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What is the major problem in dealing with parents who emotionally abuse their children? |
There are fewer studies because emotional abuse is harder to identify and prove |
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What do parent who emotionally abuse likely experience? |
Low self-esteem |
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What type of skills and techniques today have in coping and child management? |
Poor |
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What do parents who emotionally abuse their children frequently have problems with? |
Addictions |
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Give examples of common addiction parents who emotionally abuse their children frequently have problems with. |
Drugs Alcohol Gambling |
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Who are the majority of adults who sexually molest children? |
Relatives and nonrelatives with whom the child is familiar |
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What are characteristic of families in which the sexual abuse of children has occurred? |
Poor boundary controls Poor quality of the adult marriage relationship Less harmony and stability in the family system as a whole A father who was probably physically abused as a child and acted violently within the family as an adult |
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What are some characteristics of an abusive parents of all types of abuse? |
Had an unhappy childhood Was mistreated or abused as a child in the family of origin Has parents who failed to provide an adequate model of good parenting Is socially isolated from family, friends, or neighbors Has few close friends or intimate outside contacts Has low self-esteem which causes them to see themselves as inadequate, unlovable, incompetent, or worthless Is emotionally immature Has a dependent personality Sees little joy or pleasure in life and may be clinically depressed Holds distorted perceptions and unrealistic expectations of children Is adverse to the idea of spoiling their children Strongly believes that physical punishment as a means of teaching children Practices and authoritarian child-rearing style Displayed minimal nurturing behaviors toward the child and has frequent outbursts of temper Has a very limited ability to emphasize with others, particularly with their own children and displays a general insensitivity to the needs of others |
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What services are included in the treatment and intervention for use of parents? |
Medical care Counseling Psychotherapy Marriage and family therapy Mediation Support groups A crisis hotline Child care Parenting education Temporary foster care for children |
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Have these treatment programs for abusive parents been found effective? |
It is unclear if these programs are effective in preventing future child abuse and parental neglect |
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What do these programs emphasize? |
Parent education Early intervention |
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What may be the most effective? |
Early intervention especially in producing short-term effects |
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How may the programs the most beneficial? |
If abusive parents participate in support groups in addition to the parenting programs |
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What are some examples of support groups? |
Parents Anonymous Parents in Distress |
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What are the support groups composed of? |
Self-referred individuals who are disturbed by their abusive behavior and fearful of the effects of the continued abuse on the family |
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What are 7 effects of the abuse on children? |
Not only is the child programs in a meeting context, but their hopes and dreams for the future are pulled into the battle as well Violence within family has effects on future marriage formation, cohabitation, and divorce, and has also been linked to teen pregnancy It also has an effect on how these children will parent their own children because of the cycle of abuse may be perpetuated Being abused as a child is an important predictor of whether someone will abuse their children Substance and alcohol abuse is associated with physical abuse Abuse can lead to fatalities When children are emotionally abusive increases the likelihood of depression and suicide |
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What are some issues with families affected by substance abuse and addictive disorders? |
The price of substance use and addictive disorders is high,especially to the family The affected individual experience health problems Economic cost can be enormous and adversely affect the family's quality of life, sometimes to the point of bankruptcy Emotional costs are incalculable, long-lasting, and reach into adulthood When a family member experiences such problems, the children are risk for developing similar addiction because they are presented with role models of their parents and other family members |
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Substance use disorder |
A maladaptive pattern of substance abuse leading to clinically significant impairment or distress |
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Tolerance |
Tthere is a need for an increase in the amount ingested because the same discounts to have the desired effect |
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Withdrawal |
Gradually reducing the amount of the drug |
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Codependency |
Describes how people close to the person with the addictive disorder often develop problems related to the dependency |
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How is the affected adult family member affected and the effects of substance use and addictive disorders? |
When an adult family member develop substance and addictive disorders they believe that the solution to the problem can be addressed by using the substance It is thought that the adult affected by a chemical dependency or other addiction turns to the drug or substance for psychological and physical relief The addictive substance functions to medicate the user in the short term, allowing them to cope with whatever difficulties being experienced The user may control over the ability to stop using the substance |
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Codependency |
Self-defeating learned behaviors, greatly exaggerated and complicated by a pathological relationship to a chemically dependent person or any person, that diminish our capacity to initiate for participate and loving relationships |
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What is one of the major effects of substance use and addictive disorders? |
The children's dependency needs are not adequately met by parents |
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What do addicted adults and their codependent partners to develop? |
Self defeating behaviors |
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Give examples of self-defeating behaviors developed by addicted adults and codependent partners. |
Behaviors developed by a child as a means of coping with neglectful or abusive parents |
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What are the 6 basic self-defeating behavior patterns observed in codependent adults? |
Caretaking People pleasing Martyrdom Workaholism Perfectionism Tapdancing |
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Caretaking |
As a child, generate self-esteem by taking care of other's needs rather than one's – thinking here of addict parent |
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People pleasing |
As children, learn that their self-esteem is based on pleasing others, especially parents Never want to upset others, or do anything to call attention to themselves As adults, pattern creates an authentic way of relating to others |
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Martyrdom |
Learn to expect the worst, life family had meaning for separate Tend to sabotage events to create disaster – consciously or unconsciously Believe that they do not deserve anything good or worthwhile Often hostile and project blame on others for their problems |
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Workaholism |
As children, learn to stay busy as a means of feeling good about themselves Means of diverting attention away from himself and others Have difficulty relaxing – resting is self giving and makes them feel guilty Acts as a shield from potential herbal to be engaged in close family relationships |
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Perfectionism |
As children, learned that it is possible to avoid plan of criticism by trying to be perfect An attempt to control their world Might have helped survive chaotic childhood that can drive others away in adulthood Seems to always find fault with things and people – that can never be completely happy |
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Tap dancing |
As children, learned "tap dancing" patterns – likely felt insecure in the midst of unpredictable parenting behavior Often mistrusting others and find commitment difficult Inability to stay in one place emotionally with another person What closeness badly but unable to except as |
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What are ways in which children are affected by parents with substance abuse? |
Children may not be aware that one or both of their parents have a substance abuse and addictive disorder because their parents deny it They are likely to develop dependency problems that are similar to those of the parents at some time in their lives They are likely to lack good parental role models Since they observed destructive pattern followed by their parents, it is unlikely that they know what constitutes healthy family lives Frequently they become involved in marriages and relationships of people who behaviorally resemble one or both their parents and their family of origin Children are not likely to seek help from school counselors or relatives because they are not allowed to disclose what really happened at home to outsiders |
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What do children typically become assigned to? |
A special role in these functional family that helps to maintain the system's unhealthy habits and homeostasis and protect the family secret from becoming public |
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What are the behavioral characteristics of children affected by parental substance abuse? |
crisis oriented lifestyles Manipulative behavior with others Problems and intimate relationships An inability to experience pleasure Fearfulness of being noticed by others Tendency toward substance use and addictive disorders |
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What are the 4 role that children seem to maintain a healthy family system? |
The best little boy or girl (family hero) Scapegoat Mascot Lost child |
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Best little boy or girl (family hero) |
Usually the oldest, becomes surrogate parent Become perfectionist – right to avoid and minimize mistakes at all costs, in order to avoid parental criticism Can become high achievers in school |
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Scapegoat |
implicit position of problem child Purpose of role is to draw attention of family membersa way from the family's true problems |
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Mascot |
Similar to scapegoat that acts out by acting like "class clown" Typically care free, jovial, and debonair Again, helps to minimize actual problem in the family |
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Lost child |
acts invisible Dulls own emotions, needs, and wants the allowing parents to maintain their primary relationship with addiction Develops a high tolerance for physical and emotional pain |
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What are 2 types of help and support available to families affected by substance abuse and addictive disorders? |
Rehabilitation programs Alcoholics Anonymous Self-help books |
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Alcoholics Anonymous |
Auxiliary programs for partners and children of addictive members |
