Public Health 2 - Health Education

Front 1

What is Health Education?

Back 1

Any combination of learning experiences designed to help individuals and communities improve their health by increasing their knowledge or influencing their attitudes

Front 2

What are the positive aspects of health education?

Back 2

Many health education activities occur in schools, work, clinics and communities which cover topics like healthy eating, working out, tobacco, mental health & HIV/AIDS.

Front 3

What are the challenges of health education?

Back 3

There is limited access to tools required to be effective, limited access to specialized training, limited materials to raise public awareness and a confusion between health education and promotion.

Front 4

What is health promotion?

Back 4

Health promotion is composed of 3 aspects: Health Education (educational efforts to affect behavior), Health Protection (regulations) and Prevention (laws to promote health). Health promotion is just health education and health public policy.

Front 5

What is Health Literacy?

Back 5

The degree to which people are able to access, understand, appraise and communicate info to engage with the demands of different health contexts in order to promote and maintain good health across life. It is one of the outcomes of health education

Front 6

What are key facts & features of health literacy?

Back 6

People with low HL have poorer overall health.

Low HL leads to misuse of meds and misunderstanding health info.

Low HL leads to preventable use of health services, include emergency care.

People often wait longer to seek medical health until health problems reach a crisis state.

Front 7

Health Education & Behavior Change

Back 7

The goal of health education is to improve the well-being and self-sufficiency of individuals, families, etc. This requires behavior change at every level.

Front 8

What types of programs could lead to a behavior change?

Back 8

Biomedical Interventions, Behavioral Interventions and Structural Interventions

Front 9

Biomedical Intervention

Back 9

Vaccines, pharmaceutical treatments & medical devices to prevent & treat disease. Almost all biomedical interventions require behavior changes - by patients, providers, orgs etc.

Front 10

Behavioral Intervention

Back 10

Programs that help people change their behaviors to prevent & manage disease. They directly target people to change their behaviors by using tools or services.

Front 11

Structural Interventions

Back 11

Change in access, availability or acceptability. Includes policies, prices, payers and laws. Physical & social environments (culture), orgs & communities.

Front 12

What are health behavior theories?

Back 12

Research shows that those interventions "most likely to achieve desired outcomes are based on a clear understanding of targeted health behaviors, and the environmental context in which they occur." For help with developing, managing and evaluating these interventions, health education practitioners can turn to several strategic planning models that are based on health behavior theories.

Front 13

How should a health behavior theory be chosen ?

Back 13

Based on the topic and target population: Logical, consistent with everyday observations, similar to those used in previous successful programs and supported by past research.

Front 14

What are the main health behavior theories?

Back 14

Transtheoretical Model of Change, The Extended Parallel Process Model, Theory of Planned Behavior and the Social Cognitive Theory

Front 15

Transtheoretical Model of Change

Back 15

Behaviorchange is viewed as a progression through a series of five stages:pre-contemplation, contemplation, preparation, action , and maintenance. People have specific informational needs ateach stage, and health educators can offer the most effective interventionstrategies based on the recipients’ stage of change

Front 16

Extended Parallel Process Model

Back 16

This model proposes that people, when presented with a risk message, engage in two appraisal processes: a determination of whether they are susceptible to an identified threat and whether the threat is severe; and whether the recommended action can reduce the threat (i.e., response efficacy) and whether they can successfully perform the recommended action (i.e., self-efficacy).

Front 17

Theory of Planned Behavior

Back 17

Asserts that achieving & maintaining behavior change requires intent to adopt a positive behavior and abandon a negative one. Influenced by attitude toward a behavior & the perception of social norms and perceived behavior control.

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Social Cognitive Theory

Back 18

Asserts that the following factors affectthe likelihood that person will change a health behavior:

Reciprocal determinism

Behavioral capability

Expectations

Self-efficacy

Observational learning

Reinforcements

Front 19

Reciprocal Determinism

Back 19

Interaction of person, behavior and the environment in which behavior is performed

Front 20

Behavioral Intervention Planning

Back 20

Identifying the health problems in thecommunity

Formulating goals

Identifying target behavior

Deciding how stakeholders will beinvolved Building a cohesive planning group

Front 21

What are the ingredients of Behavioral Interventions?

Back 21

We need to frame the issue, provide info, teach tools & skills and provide opportunities for practice.