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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is the fundamental Maxim of Public Health? |
The health of the individual is best ensured by maintaining and improving the health of the community. |
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Public Health Definition |
The science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life, and promoting health through the organized efforts of society. |
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Public Health is... |
The process of mobilizing local, state/provincial, national and international resources to assure the conditions in which all people can be healthy |
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What is the goal of public health? |
The biologic, physical and mental well-being of all members of the global society |
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What are some examples of global health? |
Ebola outbreak, 2008 Infant Formula Epidemic, South-Asian Malaria outbreak, West Nile Virus Outbreak, Dementia, Measles (because of lack of vaccinations), Zika, Obesity/Diabetes |
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Zika Virus Facts/Symptoms |
The agent was Flavivirus (Yellow Fever, West Nile, Dengue). The symptoms are mild and include fever, rash, joint paint, conjunctivitis, muscle pain and headaches. There is no treatment and aspirin should be avoided. It crosses the placenta which affects pregnancy with microcephaly and damage to the fetus. |
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Epidemic of Obesity/Diabetes |
Hispanic/Latino and African-Americans have a higher rate of obesity and diabetes. |
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Trends in life expectancy by country |
High income, developed countries have higher life expectancies. Most are in Europe, US is not in top 10. Life expectancy also correlates positively with GDP. |
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Population control and the elderly |
If less children are being born, the elderly will outnumber the younger people and there will not be anyone to care for them. |
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What are some reasons for increased longevity? |
Improved sanitation, clean water, improved housing, universal immunization, health education/prevention practices and improved treatment and prevention of chronic diseases. |
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Top 10 causes of death worldwide |
Heart disease and cerebrovascular disease make up 23%. Other diseases make up the rest such as HIV/Aids, diabetes, diarrhea, infections etc... Non-communicable diseases make up most deaths rather than communicable diseases |
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DALY and Climate Change |
Climate change has shortened the lives of poorer nations such as southeast Asia, Africa and Eastern Mediterranean. More developed nations have lost less years. |
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Non-communicable diseases deaths throughout the years |
In 1999, they took up 7 of the top 15 Non-communicable deaths. In 2020, they will take up 10 of the 15, with most being in the upper reaches. |
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What are the Non-Communicable diseases? |
Heart Disease, Major Depression, Road Traffic Injuries, Cerebrovascular Disease, Pulmonary Disease, War, Violence, Self-Inflicted Injuries etc. |
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What are the Communicable diseases? |
Malaria, HIV, Tuberculosis, Measles, Diarrhea, Perinatal Conditions |
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What are the leading causes of deaths in the US |
Heart Disease, Cancer, Suicide, Kidney Disease, Diabetes, Alzheimer's, Strokes, Accidents |
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Are there differences in the deaths among white, black, hispanic and asians? |
Not really, cardiovascular and malignant problems, diabetes and such are pretty similar. |
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Is breast cancer the leading cause of death in women? |
No! It's Lung and Bronchus problems. Breast Cancer is 2nd. |
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Is it important for parents to get vaccinations for their children? |
Yes because if every kid is vaccinated, chances of immunity and eradication go up significantly. If kids aren't vaccinated, immunity can't happen. |
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Problems with US healthcare |
The US spends most money on healthcare compared to other countries, but we don't have universal healthcare for all residents |
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What contributes most to premature deaths? |
Behavioral patterns (such as bad driving, smoking, guns, sexual behavior, alcohol, drugs, obesity etc) and genetic predispositions take up 70%. |
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What behavioral causes cause the most deaths? |
Smoking and Obesity |
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What are the leading causes of deaths in 15-24 age? |
Suicide, Homicide and unintentional injuries |
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What is more deadlier than autos and guns? |
Drugs |
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Do white people have a higher life expectancy than black people? |
Yes. Females also have a higher life expectancy than men. |
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What are some major preventable risk factors? |
Substance Abuse, Unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, environmental/occupational hazards |
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What are some strategies of public health? |
1. Assess the current health situation through surveys, surveillance and morbidity/mortality ratings. 2. Identify the problem 3. Research correlations 4. Develop interventions 5. Disseminate Results 6. Influence policy to incorporate results |
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What are some intervention strategies? |
Immunization Programs, health education, behavioral modification strategies, community interventions, structural interventions. |