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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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**Durham's Tube
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Simple carbs it contains are **lactose, sucrose and glucose**...
Tests for fermentation of sugar and gas production. **Products of fermentation are acids**... **pH indication is PHENOL RED** **Sugar (+) = yellow w/ acidic pH** **Sugar (-) = red/pink w/ basic pH** **Gas (+) = bubble at top of tube** |
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Complex carbohydrates = **starch**
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**require amylase** for bacteria to utilize it...
Most fungi can break it down, while most bacteria cannot... Indicator = iodine will stain dark blue-black. |
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*Kirby Bauer Test
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**Measures antibiotic sensitivity**. In other words, different organisms are susceptible to different antibiotics....
**Zone of Inhibition** measures distance from bacteria to antibiotic. Size of zone depends on the diffusibility of agent, size and type of media used... Categories given to pathogen are: resistant (R), intermediate (I) or susceptible (S). To measure zone of inhibition **measure from side to side of clear zone around antibiotic disc**. |
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**Triple Sugar Iron (TSI) Slant
(looks like yellow jelly) |
Glucose in bottom of the tube = **indicates ANAEROBIC fermentation of glucose....
Iron is used to indicate breakdown of sulfur into **hydrogen sulfide, which forms BLACK** in media... Lactose & sucrose in slant are broken down aerobically... **Phenol red is an indicator for carbohydrate fermentation** **Lactose Example = Escherichia coli** |
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MRVP broth
**Methyl Red** |
**Tests for complete breakdown of glucose (substrate) into mixed acids (products)**...
Use half the broth & add 5 drops of methyl red. **Acid (+) = RED, while Acid (-) = YELLOW.** **Example = Proteus vulgaris |
A is negative. B is positive.
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MRVP
**Voges-Proskauer** |
**Tests for partial breakdown of glucose into acetylmethylcarbinol.**...
Add 10 drops of alpha-napthol and 5 drops of KOH (alcohol). **Positive test = red ring at top, while negative = no change.** **Example = Enterobacter aerogenes |
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**SIMS = tests for Sulfide Indole and Motility**
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**Sulfide --> Tests for breakdown of sulfur containing amino acids into H2S. H2S (+) = black. H2S (-) = not black. **Indicator = iron. **...
**Indole --> Sees if tryptophane is broken down into indole. Indicator = add 5 drops Kovac's reagent. Indole (+) = RED. Indole (-) = Nothing... ** **Motile (+) = growth away from stab (horizontal growth), while motile (-) = no growth away from stab.** **Example = Proteus Vulgaris |
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Urease
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**Used mostly by Proteus. Urea is broken down into ammonia and CO2.**
**Indicator = phenol red. Urease (+) = hot pink, while (-) = no change.** |
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Catalase
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Breaks hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen... Positive result = bubbles form.
**Staphylococcus = catalase (+), while streptococcus = catalase (-).** |
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**Citrate slant
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**Tests for breakdown of citrate**
**Indicator is bromthymol blue. Citrate (+) = blue, while (-) = green.** **Example = Proteus vulgaris |
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Normal flora of the SKIN
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-Staphylococcus sp.
-Micrococcus sp. |
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Normal flora of the RESPIRATORY TRACT
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- Staphylococcus sp.
- Streptococcus sp. - Branhamella cattarhalis |
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Normal flora of the DIGESTIVE TRACT
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- Escherichia coli
- Enterobacter sp. - Klebsiella sp. - Proteus sp. - Salmonella sp. - Shigella sp. - Lactobacillus sp. - Enterococcus faecalis - Bacteroides sp. - Fusobacterium sp. - Yeasts |
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Normal flora of the URINARY TRACT
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Should be sterile.
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What are the three requirements for media?
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Carbohydrates (energy), protein (synthesis) and mineral salt (osmotic balance).
Fastidious bacteria require enriched media (more nutrients). Blood agar is an example of this media type. |
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**MacConkey's Agar...
What's it selective for? What's it inhibit? What's it differentiate? What is its indicator? |
uninoculated
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-Selective for Gram neg. enteric bacilli.
- Inhibitor = crystal violet - Differential = lactose fermentation - Indicator = neutral red... Lactose (+) = purple colonies, while lactose (-) = opaque/colorless colonies. |
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**Mannitol Salt Agar (MSA)
What's it selective for? What's it inhibit? What's it differentiate? What is its indicator? |
-Selective for Staphylocuccus and Micrococcus.
-Inhibitor is 7.5% salt -Differential is mannitol fermentation. - Indictor = phenol red... Mannitol (+) = media turns yellow Mannitol (-) = media remains red |
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**Eosin Methyline Blue (EMB)
What's it selective for? What's it inhibit? What's it differentiate? What is its indicator? |
-Selective for Gram negative enteric bacilli.
- Inhibitor = Eosin Y - Differential = lactose fermentation - Indicator eosin Y and methylene blue... Lactose (+) = blue/black, brown or green metallic... usually E. coli. Lactose (-) = opaque /colorless |
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**Micrococcus
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Family micrococcaceae. Gram (+), catalase positive...
Examples: **Micrococcus luteus = buttery, yellow colonies. **Micrococcus rosea = rose, red colonies. **Microcaseolyticus - orange-yellow colonies |
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**Staphylococcus
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**Family micrococcaceae. Gram (+), catalase positive. **
Examples: **Staphylococcus epidermidis = coagulase negative, nonpathogenic **Staphylococcus aureus = pathogenic. Coagulase positive. Gold-colored colonies. |
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**Streptococcus
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**Family Streptococcaceae. Gram (+). Catalase negative.**
Examples: **Streptococcus pyogenes = beta hemolytic, pathogenic (causes Strep throat, Scarlet fever and Rheumatic fever) **Streptococcus pneumonia = alpha hemolytic, causes pneuomonia **Streptococcus mutans = gamma hemolytic, causes dental carries. **Streptococcus faecalis = gamma hemolytic, normal flora of intestines in large mammals. |
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