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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Dohle Bodies
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WBC Abnormality
A cellular inclusion seen in granulocytes of patients with infections or stress states. Inclusions are round to oval 1-5 microm in diameter and usually on the periphery of cells. Usually blue or blue-grey in color. Composed of ribosomal RNA. Wright Stain. |
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Toxic Granulation
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WBC Abnormality
Abnormally large or prominent primary granules (dark purple) in the cytoplasm of neutrophils. Associated with inflammation, infection or stress. |
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Pelger Huet Anomaly
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Inherited disorder characterized by hyposegmentation of neutrophils.
Clinically insignificant since cellular fxn is normal. Neutrophil nuclei have round, or oval (in homozygotes), band or two lobed pince-nez appearance (in heteros). Pinched "sunglasses" look. Chromatin is more dense or clumped than normal. |
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Hypersegmentation
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Neutrophils that have more than 5 segments.
Due to rare autosomal dominant trait "hereditary hypersegmentism" or as a manifestation of the megaloblastic anemias, which result from Vit B12 or folate deficiencies. If seen with macrocytosis, megaloblastic anemia should be suspected. *Look for macromolecules |
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Reactive or Activated Lymphocytes
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Associated with viral infections, especially infectious mononucleosis (EBV)
Enlarged cell size Enlarged nuclei with more euchromatin and less heterochromatin Possibly visible nuclei Increased cytoplasmic basophilia, cytoplasm may old around adjacent RBC's and show basophilia at the interface-show darker blue interface when hits RBC's Purple cytoplasmic granules may be present |
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RBC Manual Counts
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1:100 dilution, count the four corner small squares and the middle square.
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Isotonic (or "normal saline")
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maintains the red blood cells intact, and maintains their normal biconcave disc morphology
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Hypotonic saline
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results in cell lysis
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Hypertonic saline
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causes cell crenation (shrinking)
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Total RBC Count calculation
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total count = (cells counted x dilution factor)/(Area in mm2 x 0.1mm)
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Normal Ranges for RBC Counts
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Female: 4.00-5.40x10^6/mm^3 or 4.00-5.49x10^12/L
Male 4.60-6.00... |
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Reticulocytes are...
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immature RBC's that contain remnant cytoplasmic ribonucleic acid (RNA), mitochondria and ribosomes.
Stained with new methylene blue. Retic counts are useful in assessing the erythropoietic activity of the bone marrow Less dense than mature RBC's |
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Normal Retic Values
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Birth to 1 day 2-6% 70-330x10^9/L
1 day to 2 wks 0.3-1.5% 2 wks to adult 0.5-2.2% 20-120x10^9/L |
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WBC Normal Ranges
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4.5-11.5 x10^3/microliter
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Hemoglobin Normal Ranges
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Female: 12-16 g/dl
Male: 14-18 g/dl |
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Hematocrit Normal Ranges
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Female: 37-47%
Male: 42-52% Newborn: 53-65% |
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MCV Normal Range
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80-100 fl
measures cell size (Hctx10)/RBC |
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MCH Normal Range
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28-32 pg
measures red cell hemoglobin content (Hbx10)/RBC |
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MCHC Normal Range
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32-37 g/dl
measures average concentration of hemoglobin in each red cell (Hbx10)/Hct |
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Reticulocyte Count
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0.5-2.2%
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Rule of Three
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RBC x 3 = Hb
Hb x 3 = Hct |
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Hemoglobin carries _______ to the tissues and ______ from the tissues.
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Oxygen; carbon dioxide
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Hb is oxidized to methemoglobin (Fe+3) by potassium ferricyanide.
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sweet.
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Potassium cyanide converts methemoglobin to cyanmethemoglobin.
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sweeter.
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1% ammonium oxalate diluent
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lyses RBC's leaving WBC's, platelets and some retics intact
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Absolute Retic Count
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20-120 x10^9/L
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Heinz Bodies
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precipitated Hb tend to be at the periphery of the cell
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Howell-Jolly Bodies
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contain DNA
visible on Wright stain |
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Pappenheimer bodies
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iron fragments in the mitochondria and use an iron (Prussian blue) stain
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