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105 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the prescence or abscence of disease?
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Health
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What is a state of well-being?
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Wellness
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Components that affect wellness:
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Environmental, occupational, intellectual, spiritual, physical, emotional, social
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What is a highly personal state of diminished functioning?
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Illness
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What is classified as a acute illness?
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Severe symptoms of short duration
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What is classified as a chronic illness?
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Lasts for 6 months or longer
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What is remission?
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when the symptoms disappear
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What is exacerbation?
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when the symptoms reappear
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Alteration in body function and shortening of normal life span?
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Disease
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What are illness behaviors and how are they classified
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Coping mechanism.
Involves ways individuals describe, monitor and interpret symptoms. |
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How can Nurse's help their clients to adjust to their lifestyle?
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Provide explanations about necessary adjustments.
Accommadate clients' lifestyle. Reinforce desirable changes in practices. |
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Healthy People 2 major goals:
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1. Increase quality and years of healthy life
2. Eliminate health disparities |
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Narrow sense of Prevention?
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Avoiding the develop of the disease in the future
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Broad sense of Prevention?
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Consists of all interventions to limit progression of disease
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Information Dissemination?
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(most basic)
Makes use of a variety of media Consider culture, age group Critical to know where misinformation originates |
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Health risk appraisal and wellness assessment?
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Used to teach about risk factors
Motivate to reduce specific risks |
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Lifestyle and behavior change?
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Requires participation of individual
Geared toward enhancing quality of life |
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Environemental control?
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Staying away from Toxic and nuclear wastes, nuclear power plants, air and water pollution, and pesticide use
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How can the nurse promote health?
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Work WITH not FOR people
Use nursing process Teach self-care Emphasize illness preventions |
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What involves the prevention of diseases and conditions before their biological onset?
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Primary Prevention
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How can Primary prevention be done?
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Preventing environmental exposures, improving human resistance to disease, or education to diminish risk-taking behaviors
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What consists of the identification and interdiction of diseases that are present in the body, but have not progressed by cause signs, symptoms, and dys-function?
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Secondary Prevention
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What consists of the prevention of diseases progression and attendant suffering after it is clinically obvious and a diagnosis established?
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Tertiary Prevention
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What are health beliefs?
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concepts about health that an individual believes true, may or may not be founded on fact, or culturally related
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Locus of control model...
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determine whether clients are likely to take action regarding health, that is, whether clients belief is in their own hands
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Internals believe.....
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that health is largely self determined
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Externals believe......
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that health is controlled by others
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To maintain fitness.....?
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one must meet the needs for exercise, nutrition, rest, and relaxation, and follow practices to promote and preserve health
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How does physical fitness help?
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Enables body to perform to its potential
Helps individuals look, feel, do their best Ability to perform daily tasks vigorously, with energy left over Involves performance of heart, lungs, muscles Influences mental alertness, emotional stability |
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Physical activity
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bodily movement produced by skeletal muscle contraction that increases energy
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Exercise
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type of physical activity defined as a planned, structured, and repetitive bodily movement performed to improve or maintain one or more components of physical fitness
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Activity tolerance
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type and amount of exercise or ADLs and individual is able to perform without experiencing adverse effects
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Functional strength
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bodys ability to perform work
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Isotonic exercise
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running, walking, swimming, cycling, ROM
increase muscle tone, mass, and strength and maintain joint flexibility and circulation |
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Isometric exercise
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strengthening abdominal, gluteal, and quadriceps muscles used in ambulation
produce a mild increase in heart rate and cardiac output, but no increase in blood flow to other parts of the body |
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Isokinetic exercise
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used in physical conditioning and are often doneto build up certain muscle groups
increase in blood pressure and blood flow to muscles occurs with resistance training |
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Aerobic exercise
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and activity when the amount of oxygen taken into the body is greater than that used to perform the activity
improve cardiovascular conditioing and physical fitness |
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Anaerobic exercise
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weightlifting and sprinting is used in indurance training for athletes
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Anatomy of the Mouth
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lined with mucous membranes and enclosed by the lips, cheeks, palate, and tongue
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What does the tongue contain?
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mucous and serous glands, taste buds, and papillae
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Teeth usually appears around?
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5-8 months after birth
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Baby bottle syndrome
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when an infant is put to bed with a bottle of sugar water, formula, milk or fruit juice
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When do children have all 20 deciduous teeth?
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usually around 2 years old
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When do children start losing their baby teeth?
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around 6 or 7
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When should most people have all of their permanent teeth?
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25 years old
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Why are pregnant woman sometimes affected by periodontal disease?
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the rise in female hormones affects gingival tissue and increases its reaction to bacterial plaque
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Aging process in teeth?
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Teeth turn yellow.
Tooth an gum problems. Receding of the gums. |
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What are the 2 most common problems that most frequently affect the teeth?
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Dental caries and periodontal disease
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When plaque is unchecked...
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tartar forms.
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Periodontal disease
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red swollen gingiva
bleeding receding gum lines formation of pockets between the teeth and gums |
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Pyorrhea
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advanced periodontal disease
teeth are loose and pus is evident when the gums are pressed |
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Halitosis
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Bad breath
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Glossitis
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Inflammation of the tongue
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Gingivitis
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Inflammation of the gums
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Periodontal disease
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gums appear spongy and bleeding
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Cheilosis
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cracking of lips
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Dental caries
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darkened areas on teeth, may be painful
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Sordes
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accumulation of food, bacteria on the teeth or lips
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Stomatitis
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inflammation of the oral mucosa
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Parotitis
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Inflammation of the parotid salivary glands
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Who is likely to develop dry mucous membranes?
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someone:
NG tubes receiving oxygen |
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What variables affect oral health?
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inadequate nutrition
lack of money or insurance excessive intake of sugars family history |
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How is a dry mouth aggravated?
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poor fluid intake
heavy smoking alcohol high salt anxiety medications |
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Clients who receive radiation to the head and neck....
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may have permanent damage to salivary glands
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Good oral hygeiene includes
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daily stimulation of the gums
mechanical brushing flossing flushing |
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Major rol of the nurse in promoting oral health is?
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TEACHING!!
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Why do toddlers experience cavities?
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result of intake of sweets or prologed use of bottles during naps and bedtime
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When should you start brushing a child's teeth with a soft toothbrush?
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18 months old
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Stomatitis
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inflammation of the oral mucosa
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Parotitis
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Inflammation of the parotid salivary glands
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Who is likely to develop dry mucous membranes?
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someone:
NG tubes receiving oxygen |
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What variables affect oral health?
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inadequate nutrition
lack of money or insurance excessive intake of sugars family history |
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How is a dry mouth aggravated?
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poor fluid intake
heavy smoking alcohol high salt anxiety medications |
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Clients who receive radiation to the head and neck....
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may have permanent damage to salivary glands
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Good oral hygeiene includes
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daily stimulation of the gums
mechanical brushing flossing flushing |
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Major rol of the nurse in promoting oral health is?
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TEACHING!!
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Why do toddlers experience cavities?
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result of intake of sweets or prologed use of bottles during naps and bedtime
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When should you start brushing a child's teeth with a soft toothbrush?
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18 months old
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when should a parent schedule an initial dental visit?
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2 or 3 years of age, as soon as all 20 primary teeth have erupted
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When do dentists recommend and inspection type of visit?
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around 18 months old
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What should be taught to preschoolers?
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to brush their teeth after eating and to limit their intake of sugars
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Who suffers the worst oral health?
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older adults in nursing homes
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xerostomia
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dry mouth
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What not to use to fix a dry mouth?
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Lemon-glycerin swabs, hydrogen peroxide, and mineral oil
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Undernutrition
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health effects of insufficient nutrient intake
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Overnutrition
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excess nutrient intake
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Nutritional health
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defined as the physical result of the balance between nutrient intake and nutritional requirements
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BMI > 25
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obesity
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sleep
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altered state of consciousness in which the individuals perception of and reaction to the environment are decreased
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NREM
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4 stages, about 75-80% is spent in NREM sleep
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REM
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recurs about every 90 minutes and lasts 5-30 minutes
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How many cycles of sleep?
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4-6
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How much do newborns sleep?
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16-18 hours/day
irregular schedule lay on their back |
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How much do infants sleep?
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14-15 hours/day
by 6 months, most infants sleep through the night |
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How much do toddlers sleep?
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12-14 hours/day
nighttime fears and nightmares are common security object is needed |
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How much do preschoolers sleep?
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11-13 hours/day
children dislike bedtime must maintain a regular schedule |
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How much do school children sleep?
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10-11 hours/day
most receive less because of tv, social activities, homework and sports |
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How much do adolescents sleep?
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9-10 hours/day
however few actually get that much sleep |
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How much do adults sleep?
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7-9 hours
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How much do older adults sleep?
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not much at all
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What can affect sleep?
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irregular morning and nighttime schedule can affect sleep
emotional stress alcohol diet smoking motivation medications |
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health belief model
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trying to promote health
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clinical model
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focuses on signs and symptoms of illness
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role performance model
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emphasizes social activities such as fulfilling a particular role
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agent-host-environment model
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focuses on predicting illness
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